{"id":5110,"date":"2026-03-18T12:59:28","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T10:59:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/archives\/5110"},"modified":"2026-03-25T20:42:25","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T18:42:25","slug":"%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%91%d9%85-137-%d8%b3%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%82-%d8%aa%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/5110","title":{"rendered":"Le Liban transf\u00e8re 137 d\u00e9tenus syriens \u00e0 Damas en application de l\u2019accord de transfert des personnes condamn\u00e9es"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les autorit\u00e9s libanaises ont entam\u00e9 la mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019accord judiciaire<\/a> sign\u00e9 avec la R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne relatif au transfert des personnes condamn\u00e9es du pays o\u00f9 le jugement a \u00e9t\u00e9 prononc\u00e9 vers le pays de nationalit\u00e9 du condamn\u00e9. Cette d\u00e9marche a \u00e9t\u00e9 amorc\u00e9e par la remise du premier groupe de d\u00e9tenus syriens condamn\u00e9s dans les prisons libanaises, dans ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crit comme la premi\u00e8re application pratique directe d\u2019un accord bilat\u00e9ral de coop\u00e9ration judiciaire encadrant de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9taill\u00e9e les m\u00e9canismes de transfert des d\u00e9tenus et l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de leur peine dans leur pays d\u2019origine.<\/p>\n

Le procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pr\u00e8s la Cour de cassation, le juge Jamal Al-Hajjar, a sign\u00e9 une d\u00e9cision ordonnant le transfert de 137 d\u00e9tenus syriens qui purgeaient leur peine \u00e0 la prison centrale de Roumieh, apr\u00e8s v\u00e9rification du respect des conditions l\u00e9gales pr\u00e9vues par l\u2019accord sign\u00e9 \u00e0 Beyrouth. Cet accord a \u00e9t\u00e9 ratifi\u00e9 par le Liban en vertu du d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2574 du 30 janvier 2026 et publi\u00e9 au Journal officiel le 19 f\u00e9vrier 2026. Il pr\u00e9voit le transfert des personnes condamn\u00e9es de l\u2019\u00c9tat de condamnation vers leur \u00c9tat de nationalit\u00e9 afin d\u2019y poursuivre l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de leur peine, dans un cadre juridique et proc\u00e9dural clairement d\u00e9fini.<\/p>\n

Le ministre syrien de la Justice, Mazhar Al-Wais, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 dans une publication sur la plateforme \u00ab X \u00bb<\/a> : \u00ab \u00c0 la suite d\u2019efforts intensifs d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par le minist\u00e8re de la Justice, nous avons re\u00e7u aujourd\u2019hui le premier groupe de d\u00e9tenus, au nombre de 132, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019accord conclu avec la partie libanaise. \u00bb Selon une source cit\u00e9e par l\u2019Agence France-Presse, \u00ab 106 d\u00e9tenus condamn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s depuis la prison de Roumieh, en plus de 31 autres depuis la prison de Qobbeh \u00e0 Tripoli (nord), et le convoi s\u2019est dirig\u00e9 vers le poste-fronti\u00e8re de Masnaa pour les remettre aux autorit\u00e9s syriennes \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Cette op\u00e9ration constitue la premi\u00e8re tranche d\u2019un total de 347 d\u00e9tenus syriens ayant demand\u00e9 leur transfert vers la Syrie, d\u2019autres transferts \u00e9tant pr\u00e9vus ult\u00e9rieurement en fonction de l\u2019ach\u00e8vement des proc\u00e9dures juridiques et administratives propres \u00e0 chaque dossier.<\/p>\n

L\u2019op\u00e9ration de remise s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la prison centrale de Roumieh dans le cadre de dispositions administratives, logistiques et s\u00e9curitaires coordonn\u00e9es. Celles-ci comprenaient la finalisation des dossiers personnels et judiciaires des d\u00e9tenus, la pr\u00e9paration de leurs effets personnels, ainsi que la coordination entre les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires et s\u00e9curitaires libanaises et syriennes. Selon les informations disponibles, un convoi syrien compos\u00e9 de cinq \u00e0 six bus est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison, accompagn\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 syriens, avant que le groupe ne soit escort\u00e9 par la S\u00fbret\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale libanaise vers le poste-fronti\u00e8re de Masnaa, o\u00f9 la remise officielle aux autorit\u00e9s syriennes a eu lieu.<\/p>\n

L\u2019importance de cette \u00e9tape d\u00e9passe sa dimension op\u00e9rationnelle, puisqu\u2019elle s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre d\u2019un accord d\u00e9taill\u00e9 d\u00e9finissant la philosophie, les objectifs, les conditions et les effets juridiques du transfert. Le document officiel pr\u00e9cise explicitement que son objectif est de renforcer la coop\u00e9ration entre les deux pays dans le domaine p\u00e9nal et de faciliter la r\u00e9habilitation et la r\u00e9insertion sociale des personnes condamn\u00e9es, en leur permettant de purger le reste de leur peine dans leur environnement national et social, tout en respectant les principes de souverainet\u00e9, d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, de r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9 et de non-ing\u00e9rence dans les affaires internes.<\/p>\n

L\u2019accord d\u00e9finit clairement les concepts fondamentaux r\u00e9gissant le m\u00e9canisme de transfert. L\u2019\u00ab \u00c9tat de condamnation \u00bb est celui dans lequel la d\u00e9cision judiciaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue, tandis que l\u2019\u00ab \u00c9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cution \u00bb est celui vers lequel la personne est transf\u00e9r\u00e9e afin d\u2019y poursuivre l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de la peine. Le \u00ab jugement \u00bb d\u00e9signe toute d\u00e9cision p\u00e9nale d\u00e9finitive et ex\u00e9cutoire imposant une peine privative de libert\u00e9, y compris les jugements comportant initialement la peine de mort lorsque le condamn\u00e9 est transf\u00e9r\u00e9 sans qu\u2019elle soit ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e. La \u00ab peine \u00bb inclut toute mesure p\u00e9nale privative de libert\u00e9, y compris les peines compl\u00e9mentaires associ\u00e9es au jugement.<\/p>\n

Selon le texte officiel, le transfert ne s\u2019effectue ni automatiquement ni collectivement, mais requiert le respect d\u2019un ensemble de conditions juridiques. Parmi les principales, il faut que la personne condamn\u00e9e soit ressortissante de l\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cution et non de l\u2019\u00c9tat de condamnation, que le jugement soit d\u00e9finitif et ex\u00e9cutoire, que la personne ne fasse pas l\u2019objet d\u2019autres poursuites, et qu\u2019elle donne son consentement \u00e9crit, libre et \u00e9clair\u00e9 apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 inform\u00e9e des cons\u00e9quences juridiques du transfert. Dans les cas o\u00f9 elle ne peut exprimer librement sa volont\u00e9 en raison de son \u00e2ge ou de son \u00e9tat physique ou mental, ce consentement peut \u00eatre donn\u00e9 par son repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal. L\u2019accord exige \u00e9galement que les faits ayant conduit \u00e0 la condamnation soient punissables dans la l\u00e9gislation de l\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cution, conform\u00e9ment au principe de la double incrimination.<\/p>\n

L\u2019accord ajoute une autre condition importante, \u00e0 savoir l\u2019accord explicite des deux \u00c9tats concern\u00e9s. Ainsi, le transfert ne peut intervenir uniquement sur demande du d\u00e9tenu ou de son \u00c9tat, mais n\u00e9cessite l\u2019approbation des autorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes des deux pays. Il exclut \u00e9galement certaines cat\u00e9gories d\u2019infractions, notamment les crimes de meurtre ou de viol, sauf si le condamn\u00e9 a purg\u00e9 au moins dix ann\u00e9es d\u2019emprisonnement dans l\u2019\u00c9tat de condamnation.<\/p>\n

Par ailleurs, l\u2019accord accorde aux deux \u00c9tats le droit de refuser le transfert dans des cas d\u00e9termin\u00e9s. L\u2019\u00c9tat de condamnation peut refuser si le transfert porte atteinte \u00e0 sa souverainet\u00e9, \u00e0 sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9, \u00e0 son ordre public ou \u00e0 ses int\u00e9r\u00eats essentiels. Le refus est \u00e9galement possible si le condamn\u00e9 n\u2019a pas satisfait \u00e0 ses obligations financi\u00e8res li\u00e9es aux droits personnels, ou si la peine est devenue inex\u00e9cutable dans l\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cution en raison de la prescription ou pour toute autre raison juridique. Ces dispositions montrent que le transfert est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une proc\u00e9dure judiciaire souveraine encadr\u00e9e par des garanties strictes.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019accord est confi\u00e9e aux minist\u00e8res de la Justice des deux pays, agissant en tant qu\u2019autorit\u00e9s centrales. La communication peut se faire directement ou par voie diplomatique, chaque partie \u00e9tant tenue d\u2019informer l\u2019autre de tout changement concernant son autorit\u00e9 centrale. L\u2019accord pr\u00e9voit \u00e9galement des mesures visant \u00e0 emp\u00eacher le retour de la personne transf\u00e9r\u00e9e sur le territoire de l\u2019autre \u00c9tat apr\u00e8s l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de sa peine, sauf autorisation expresse, tout en maintenant l\u2019application des lois relatives \u00e0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e des \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n

Sur le plan proc\u00e9dural, l\u2019\u00c9tat de condamnation est tenu d\u2019informer toute personne condamn\u00e9e remplissant les conditions des dispositions de l\u2019accord et de ses cons\u00e9quences juridiques. Si la personne demande son transfert, cet \u00c9tat doit en informer rapidement l\u2019autre. Cette notification doit inclure des informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es concernant l\u2019identit\u00e9 du condamn\u00e9, les faits \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la condamnation, la nature et la dur\u00e9e de la peine, la date de d\u00e9but de son ex\u00e9cution, ainsi que les textes juridiques applicables. Elle doit \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019une copie certifi\u00e9e du jugement et des d\u00e9cisions connexes, d\u2019un document attestant de son caract\u00e8re d\u00e9finitif, d\u2019un relev\u00e9 de la partie de la peine d\u00e9j\u00e0 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e et de celle restant \u00e0 purger, des \u00e9ventuelles peines compl\u00e9mentaires, du texte de loi incriminant l\u2019infraction, ainsi que du consentement \u00e9crit du condamn\u00e9 ou de son repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00c9tat requis doit notifier sa d\u00e9cision d\u2019acceptation ou de refus dans les plus brefs d\u00e9lais, et les proc\u00e9dures de transfert doivent \u00eatre achev\u00e9es dans un d\u00e9lai maximal d\u2019un mois \u00e0 compter de la r\u00e9ception de la demande. Le lieu, la date et les modalit\u00e9s de remise sont fix\u00e9s rapidement par les autorit\u00e9s centrales des deux pays, ce qui explique le caract\u00e8re organis\u00e9 et op\u00e9rationnel de la premi\u00e8re op\u00e9ration men\u00e9e \u00e0 la prison de Roumieh.<\/p>\n

En ce qui concerne les frais, l\u2019accord distingue entre les frais de transit, pris en charge par l\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cution, et les autres frais li\u00e9s au transfert jusqu\u2019au moment de celui-ci, support\u00e9s par la partie qui les engage. Cette r\u00e9partition vise \u00e0 \u00e9viter toute ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 dans les responsabilit\u00e9s administratives.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cution est charg\u00e9 de poursuivre et d\u2019achever l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de la peine conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 son droit interne, mais sur la base de la d\u00e9cision judiciaire rendue par l\u2019\u00c9tat de condamnation. La dur\u00e9e d\u00e9j\u00e0 purg\u00e9e est d\u00e9duite de la peine totale, et le calcul de la dur\u00e9e de d\u00e9tention se fait selon le syst\u00e8me de l\u2019\u00c9tat de condamnation. L\u2019accord consacre \u00e9galement le principe \u00ab non bis in idem \u00bb, interdisant de poursuivre ou juger une personne une seconde fois pour les m\u00eames faits apr\u00e8s son transfert.<\/p>\n

L\u2019accord traite \u00e9galement de la modification ou de la r\u00e9vision des jugements. Si l\u2019\u00c9tat de condamnation modifie le jugement apr\u00e8s le transfert, il doit transmettre la d\u00e9cision modifi\u00e9e et les documents n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 centrale de l\u2019autre \u00c9tat, qui poursuivra l\u2019ex\u00e9cution en cons\u00e9quence. En cas de r\u00e9vision du jugement, la personne transf\u00e9r\u00e9e a le droit de voir la d\u00e9cision modifi\u00e9e communiqu\u00e9e rapidement. L\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cution est \u00e9galement tenu de fournir des informations p\u00e9riodiques ou sp\u00e9cifiques sur l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de la peine, notamment en cas de lib\u00e9ration ou de fin de peine.<\/p>\n

Il est \u00e9galement notable que l\u2019accord pr\u00e9voit que toutes les demandes, documents et correspondances soient r\u00e9dig\u00e9s en langue arabe, et qu\u2019il s\u2019applique r\u00e9troactivement aux peines prononc\u00e9es avant son entr\u00e9e en vigueur, ce qui explique son application aux d\u00e9tenus d\u00e9j\u00e0 incarc\u00e9r\u00e9s au Liban avant sa ratification. L\u2019accord entre en vigueur trente jours apr\u00e8s sa signature, et sa r\u00e9siliation n\u2019affecte pas l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des demandes de transfert d\u00e9j\u00e0 engag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre de cet accord rev\u00eat une importance particuli\u00e8re dans le contexte libanais, marqu\u00e9 par une surpopulation carc\u00e9rale chronique, notamment \u00e0 la prison de Roumieh, et par un nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de d\u00e9tenus \u00e9trangers, ce qui exerce une pression constante sur les infrastructures p\u00e9nitentiaires et administratives. Dans ce cadre, le transfert des condamn\u00e9s vers leur pays d\u2019origine appara\u00eet comme un outil permettant d\u2019all\u00e9ger cette pression tout en garantissant la continuit\u00e9 de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des peines et le respect des droits des victimes.<\/p>\n

Au-del\u00e0 de sa dimension p\u00e9nitentiaire, cette d\u00e9marche comporte \u00e9galement une port\u00e9e politique et judiciaire plus large, susceptible d\u2019ouvrir la voie \u00e0 un renforcement de la coordination entre le Liban et la Syrie dans les dossiers judiciaires et s\u00e9curitaires communs, notamment en mati\u00e8re de transfert de d\u00e9tenus et de coop\u00e9ration judiciaire.<\/p>\n

Contexte historique des accords judiciaires entre le Liban et la Syrie<\/strong><\/p>\n

La coop\u00e9ration judiciaire entre le Liban et la Syrie remonte aux premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es suivant leur ind\u00e9pendance, avec la conclusion d\u2019un accord judiciaire \u00e0 Damas le 25 f\u00e9vrier 1951<\/a>, ratifi\u00e9 au Liban par une loi du 27 octobre 1951. Cet accord a constitu\u00e9 le socle de l\u2019organisation des relations judiciaires entre les deux pays, dans le contexte de leurs liens historiques, g\u00e9ographiques et sociaux \u00e9troits.<\/p>\n

L\u2019accord de 1951 visait \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f g\u00e9n\u00e9rales de coop\u00e9ration judiciaire, incluant l\u2019\u00e9change d\u2019informations juridiques et de d\u00e9cisions judiciaires, la garantie du droit d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice pour les ressortissants des deux \u00c9tats, ainsi que l\u2019organisation de l\u2019entraide judiciaire dans les mati\u00e8res civiles et commerciales, notamment la reconnaissance et l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des sentences arbitrales. Il consacrait \u00e9galement le principe d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice.<\/p>\n

Ce cadre a \u00e9t\u00e9 renforc\u00e9, notamment apr\u00e8s la signature du Trait\u00e9 de fraternit\u00e9, de coop\u00e9ration et de coordination en 1991, qui a \u00e9largi les domaines de coop\u00e9ration bilat\u00e9rale, y compris dans le secteur judiciaire. Des accords compl\u00e9mentaires ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 conclus, notamment en 1996, afin de renforcer l\u2019\u00e9change d\u2019informations, l\u2019organisation de formations et de visites judiciaires, et le d\u00e9veloppement des m\u00e9canismes de coordination entre les minist\u00e8res de la Justice des deux pays.<\/p>\n

Ces accords ont \u00e9largi le champ de la coop\u00e9ration \u00e0 des domaines plus sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s, tels que l\u2019arbitrage et l\u2019ex\u00e9cution transfrontali\u00e8re des d\u00e9cisions, refl\u00e9tant l\u2019\u00e9volution des relations juridiques et commerciales entre les deux \u00c9tats.<\/p>\n

Face aux d\u00e9fis contemporains, en particulier ceux li\u00e9s aux d\u00e9tenus \u00e9trangers et \u00e0 la surpopulation carc\u00e9rale, le r\u00e9cent accord sur le transfert des personnes condamn\u00e9es s\u2019inscrit dans la continuit\u00e9 de cette \u00e9volution. Il marque le passage d\u2019un cadre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de coop\u00e9ration \u00e0 des m\u00e9canismes op\u00e9rationnels avanc\u00e9s r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 des probl\u00e9matiques concr\u00e8tes et urgentes.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, l\u2019accord actuel peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le fruit d\u2019un processus juridique et institutionnel cumulatif s\u2019\u00e9tendant sur plus de soixante-dix ans, illustrant l\u2019\u00e9volution des relations judiciaires entre le Liban et la Syrie, pass\u00e9es d\u2019une coop\u00e9ration traditionnelle \u00e0 un partenariat proc\u00e9dural direct dans la gestion transfrontali\u00e8re de la justice p\u00e9nale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les autorit\u00e9s libanaises ont entam\u00e9 la mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019accord judiciaire sign\u00e9 avec la R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne relatif au transfert des personnes condamn\u00e9es du pays o\u00f9 le jugement a \u00e9t\u00e9 prononc\u00e9 vers le pays de nationalit\u00e9 du condamn\u00e9. Cette d\u00e9marche a \u00e9t\u00e9 amorc\u00e9e par la remise du premier groupe de d\u00e9tenus syriens condamn\u00e9s dans […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5107,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[155],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-5110","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-actualites"},"yoast_head":"\nLe Liban transf\u00e8re 137 d\u00e9tenus syriens \u00e0 Damas en application de l\u2019accord de transfert des personnes condamn\u00e9es | \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 - \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/5110\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le Liban transf\u00e8re 137 d\u00e9tenus syriens \u00e0 Damas en application de l\u2019accord de transfert des personnes condamn\u00e9es | \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 - \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les autorit\u00e9s libanaises ont entam\u00e9 la mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019accord judiciaire sign\u00e9 avec la R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne relatif au transfert des personnes condamn\u00e9es du pays o\u00f9 le jugement a \u00e9t\u00e9 prononc\u00e9 vers le pays de nationalit\u00e9 du condamn\u00e9. 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