{"id":4569,"date":"2026-03-09T13:32:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T11:32:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/archives\/4569"},"modified":"2026-03-09T13:41:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T11:41:16","slug":"human-rights-watch-verifies-use-of-white-phosphorus-over-residential-areas-in-southern-lebanon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/4569","title":{"rendered":"Human Rights Watch confirme l\u2019utilisation de munitions au phosphore blanc au-dessus de zones r\u00e9sidentielles dans le sud du Liban"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’arm\u00e9e\u00a0isra\u00e9lienne\u00a0a utilis\u00e9 ill\u00e9galement des munitions au phosphore blanc lors de tirs d\u2019artillerie au-dessus d\u2019habitations le 3 mars dans la ville de Yohmor, dans le sud du\u00a0Liban, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 aujourd’hui Human Rights Watch.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch a v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 et g\u00e9olocalis\u00e9 sept images montrant des explosions de munitions au phosphore blanc dans le ciel au-dessus d’un quartier r\u00e9sidentiel de Yohmor, suivies de l\u2019intervention d\u2019agents de la d\u00e9fense civile libanaise, afin d\u2019\u00e9teindre des incendies dans au moins deux maisons et une voiture dans cette zone.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0L’utilisation ill\u00e9gale de phosphore blanc par l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne au-dessus de zones r\u00e9sidentielles est extr\u00eamement alarmante, et aura des cons\u00e9quences d\u00e9sastreuses pour les civils<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9\u00a0Ramzi Kaiss, chercheur sur le Liban \u00e0 Human Rights Watch. \u00ab\u00a0Les\u00a0<\/em>effets incendiaires<\/em><\/a>\u00a0du phosphore blanc peuvent causer la mort, ou des blessures cruelles qui entra\u00eenent des souffrances \u00e0 vie.<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Le\u00a0phosphore blanc<\/a>\u00a0est une substance chimique dispers\u00e9e par des obus d\u2019artillerie, des bombes ou des roquettes, et qui s\u2019enflamme au contact de l’oxyg\u00e8ne. Cette substance peut mettre le feu \u00e0 des habitations, \u00e0 des zones agricoles et \u00e0 d\u2019autres biens civils. En vertu du droit international humanitaire, l\u2019utilisation de munitions au phosphore blanc \u00e0 explosion a\u00e9rienne dans des zones peupl\u00e9es est ill\u00e9galement indiscrimin\u00e9e, et ne respecte pas l\u2019obligation l\u00e9gale de prendre toutes les pr\u00e9cautions possibles pour \u00e9viter de nuire aux civils.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch a authentifi\u00e9 et g\u00e9olocalis\u00e9 une\u00a0photo<\/a>\u00a0publi\u00e9e sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans la matin\u00e9e du 3 mars, montrant la dispersion de phosphore blanc dans le ciel suite \u00e0 l\u2019explosion d\u2019au moins deux obus d\u2019artillerie au-dessus d’un quartier r\u00e9sidentiel de Yohmor, dans le sud du Liban. Human Rights Watch a identifi\u00e9 la forme du nuage de fum\u00e9e caus\u00e9 par les explosions a\u00e9riennes sur la photo comme \u00e9tant conforme au type de panache de fum\u00e9e blanche, d\u2019une forme semblable \u00e0 un poing, produit par l\u2019explosion du projectile d’artillerie de 155 mm de la\u00a0s\u00e9rie M825<\/a>\u00a0au phosphore blanc.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, le\u00a02 mars<\/a>\u00a0\u00e0 5h27, Avichay Adraee, porte-parole arabophone de l\u2019arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne, avait publi\u00e9 un\u00a0ordre d’\u00e9vacuation<\/a>\u00a0enjoignant les habitants de Yohmor et de 50 autres villages et villes d\u2019\u00ab\u00a0\u00e9vacuer imm\u00e9diatement [leurs maisons] et [de] s’\u00e9loigner des villages vers des territoires situ\u00e9s \u00e0 une distance d’au moins 1 000 m\u00e8tres du village\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb. Adraee a r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 cette d\u00e9claration \u00e0 12h12 le m\u00eame jour. Human Rights Watch n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 en mesure de v\u00e9rifier si des personnes se trouvaient dans la zone ou avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9es \u00e0 la suite de l’utilisation de phosphore blanc.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Human Rights Watch a pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment document\u00e9\u00a0l’utilisation massive de phosphore blanc<\/a>\u00a0par l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne entre octobre 2023 et mai 2024 dans des villages frontaliers du sud du Liban, ce qui a expos\u00e9 les civils \u00e0 un grave danger et provoqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement de nombreux habitants.<\/p>\n

Le phosphore blanc peut \u00eatre\u00a0utilis\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0selon divers objectifs, notamment pour obscurcir, marquer, ou signaler des op\u00e9rations militaires, ou pour attaquer directement le personnel et le mat\u00e9riel militaires de l\u2019ennemi. Les inqui\u00e9tudes concernant son utilisation dans des zones peupl\u00e9es sont amplifi\u00e9es par la technique montr\u00e9e dans des vid\u00e9os de projectiles au phosphore blanc explosant en vol, qui dispersent 116 tampons de feutre impr\u00e9gn\u00e9s de la substance sur une zone de 125 \u00e0 250 m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre, selon l’altitude et l’angle de l’explosion, exposant sans discernement davantage de civils et de structures civiles \u00e0 des dommages potentiels qu’une explosion au sol localis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch a \u00e9galement v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 et g\u00e9olocalis\u00e9 des photos publi\u00e9es sur Facebook le 3 mars \u00e0\u00a011h34<\/a>\u00a0et \u00e0\u00a013h36<\/a>\u00a0par l’\u00e9quipe de d\u00e9fense civile du Comit\u00e9 islamique de la sant\u00e9, affili\u00e9 au groupe arm\u00e9 libanais Hezbollah, \u00e0 Yohmor. Ces photos montrent des membres de l\u2019\u00e9quipe \u00e9teignant des incendies sur les toits d’habitations et dans une voiture, ainsi que de la fum\u00e9e s’\u00e9chappant des balcons d’une maison\u00a0; l’\u00e9quipe de d\u00e9fense civile a attribu\u00e9 ces incendies au phosphore blanc. Les sites g\u00e9olocalis\u00e9s se trouvent dans un rayon de moins de 160 m\u00e8tres.<\/p>\n

Selon l’analyse de Human Rights Watch, ces incendies ont probablement \u00e9t\u00e9 caus\u00e9s par des morceaux de feutre impr\u00e9gn\u00e9s de phosphore blanc, compte tenu de la proximit\u00e9 de la maison et de la voiture avec la zone o\u00f9 des munitions \u00e0 explosion a\u00e9rienne ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es\u00a0; ceci indique que ces munitions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re ill\u00e9gale au-dessus d\u2019une zone de concentration de civils.<\/p>\n

Au 6 mars, suite \u00e0 la r\u00e9cente escalade des hostilit\u00e9s entre Isra\u00ebl et le Hezbollah le 2 mars, au moins\u00a0217 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es<\/a>\u00a0au Liban, selon le minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9\u00a0; en outre,\u00a0des centaines de milliers de personnes<\/a><\/a>\u00a0ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

L’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne a \u00e9mis\u00a0des ordres d’\u00e9vacuation<\/a>\u00a0adress\u00e9s \u00e0 l’ensemble de la population du Liban au sud du fleuve Litani, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 tous les habitants de\u00a0la banlieue sud<\/a>\u00a0de Beyrouth, soit des centaines de milliers de personnes. La nature radicale des ordres d’\u00e9vacuation \u00e9mis par l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne soul\u00e8ve des inqui\u00e9tudes quant au fait que leur objectif premier n’est pas de prot\u00e9ger les civils, mais plut\u00f4t de semer la terreur et la panique, en particulier dans le contexte des r\u00e9centes \u00e9vacuations \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de civils au Liban. Ceci augmente consid\u00e9rablement le risque qu\u2019Isra\u00ebl proc\u00e8de ainsi \u00e0 un d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9, un crime de guerre, a observ\u00e9 Human Rights Watch.<\/p>\n

Isra\u00ebl devrait interdire toute utilisation de munitions au phosphore blanc lors de tirs d\u2019artillerie dans les zones peupl\u00e9es, car cette utilisation expose les civils \u00e0 des attaques indiscrimin\u00e9es. Il existe des alternatives au phosphore blanc dans les obus fumig\u00e8nes, dont certaines produites par des entreprises isra\u00e9liennes, comme le projectile fumig\u00e8ne M150 que l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne\u00a0a utilis\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0dans le pass\u00e9 afin de masquer la visibilit\u00e9 de ses forces. Ces alternatives peuvent avoir le m\u00eame effet, et r\u00e9duire consid\u00e9rablement les dommages caus\u00e9s aux civils.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch a pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment\u00a0appel\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0les principaux alli\u00e9s Isra\u00ebl, notamment les \u00c9tats-Unis, le Royaume-Uni et l’Allemagne, \u00e0 suspendre<\/a>\u00a0leurs ventes d’armes et aide militaire \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl, et \u00e0 imposer des\u00a0sanctions cibl\u00e9es\u00a0<\/a>aux responsables impliqu\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re cr\u00e9dible dans des crimes graves. Les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires libanaises devraient ouvrir des enqu\u00eates nationales sur les crimes internationaux graves, et le gouvernement devrait adh\u00e9rer au Statut de Rome de la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale (CPI), et soumettre une d\u00e9claration acceptant la comp\u00e9tence de la Cour avant la date d’adh\u00e9sion, y compris depuis au moins le 7 octobre 2023.<\/p>\n

<\/a>L’utilisation g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e du phosphore blanc par Isra\u00ebl dans le sud du Liban met en \u00e9vidence la\u00a0n\u00e9cessit\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0d’une l\u00e9gislation internationale plus stricte en mati\u00e8re d’armes incendiaires<\/a>, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Human Rights Watch. Le\u00a0Protocole III de la Convention sur les armes classiques<\/a>\u00a0est le seul instrument juridiquement contraignant consacr\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement aux armes incendiaires. Le Liban est un \u00c9tat partie au Protocole III, alors qu\u2019Isra\u00ebl n\u2019y a pas adh\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le Protocole III\u00a0d\u00e9finit<\/a>\u00a0une arme incendiaire comme toute arme \u00ab\u00a0essentiellement con\u00e7ue<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb pour provoquer des incendies ou des br\u00fblures, et exclut donc certaines munitions polyvalentes \u00e0 effet incendiaire, notamment celles contenant du phosphore blanc. En outre, dans le cas d\u2019une attaque contre une \u00ab\u00a0concentration de civils<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, le Protocole comporte une r\u00e8glementation moins stricte si les armes incendiaires sont tir\u00e9es depuis le sol \u2013 comme celles utilis\u00e9es par Isra\u00ebl au Liban \u2013 que si elles sont largu\u00e9es par voie a\u00e9rienne, m\u00eame si elles provoquent les m\u00eames blessures horribles.<\/p>\n

Le terme \u00ab\u00a0concentration de civils<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb est d\u00e9finie de mani\u00e8re large, comprenant les \u00ab\u00a0parties habit\u00e9es des villes [\u2026] ou des villages<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, ainsi que les camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Human Rights Watch et de nombreux pays\u00a0appellent<\/a>\u00a0depuis longtemps \u00e0\u00a0rectifier<\/a>\u00a0les lacunes du Protocole III, et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des normes internationales qui prot\u00e8gent mieux les civils des dommages caus\u00e9s par les armes incendiaires.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Isra\u00ebl devrait imm\u00e9diatement mettre fin \u00e0 cette pratique et les \u00c9tats qui fournissent des armes \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl, y compris des munitions au phosphore blanc, devraient imm\u00e9diatement suspendre leur aide militaire et leurs ventes d’armes et faire pression sur Isra\u00ebl pour qu’il cesse de tirer ces munitions dans les zones r\u00e9sidentielles<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, a conclu Ramzi Kaiss.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’arm\u00e9e\u00a0isra\u00e9lienne\u00a0a utilis\u00e9 ill\u00e9galement des munitions au phosphore blanc lors de tirs d\u2019artillerie au-dessus d\u2019habitations le 3 mars dans la ville de Yohmor, dans le sud du\u00a0Liban, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 aujourd’hui Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch a v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 et g\u00e9olocalis\u00e9 sept images montrant des explosions de munitions au phosphore blanc dans le ciel au-dessus d’un quartier […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[155],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4569","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-actualites"},"yoast_head":"\nHuman Rights Watch confirme l\u2019utilisation de munitions au phosphore blanc au-dessus de zones r\u00e9sidentielles dans le sud du Liban | \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 - \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/4569\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Human Rights Watch confirme l\u2019utilisation de munitions au phosphore blanc au-dessus de zones r\u00e9sidentielles dans le sud du Liban | \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 - \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L’arm\u00e9e\u00a0isra\u00e9lienne\u00a0a utilis\u00e9 ill\u00e9galement des munitions au phosphore blanc lors de tirs d\u2019artillerie au-dessus d\u2019habitations le 3 mars dans la ville de Yohmor, dans le sud du\u00a0Liban, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 aujourd’hui Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch a v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 et g\u00e9olocalis\u00e9 sept images montrant des explosions de munitions au phosphore blanc dans le ciel au-dessus d’un quartier […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/4569\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 - \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NHRCLB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/nhrclb\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-09T11:32:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-09T11:41:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/202603mena_lebanon_phosphorus.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"NHRCLB\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@nhrclb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@nhrclb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"NHRCLB\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/fr\\\/archives\\\/4569#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/fr\\\/archives\\\/4569\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"NHRCLB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/bcb35210564d89b3fafa40dbc39320bf\"},\"headline\":\"Human Rights Watch confirme l\u2019utilisation de munitions au phosphore blanc au-dessus de zones r\u00e9sidentielles dans le sud du Liban\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-09T11:32:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-09T11:41:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/fr\\\/archives\\\/4569\"},\"wordCount\":1512,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/fr\\\/archives\\\/4569#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/202603mena_lebanon_phosphorus.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/fr\\\/archives\\\/4569\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/fr\\\/archives\\\/4569\",\"name\":\"Human Rights Watch confirme l\u2019utilisation de munitions au phosphore blanc au-dessus de zones r\u00e9sidentielles dans le sud du Liban | \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 - 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An independent national institution established under Law No. 62\\\/2016, which includes a National Preventive Mechanism against torture (the Committee for the Prevention of Torture), in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 12\\\/2008 (ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture). 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Human Rights Watch a v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 et g\u00e9olocalis\u00e9 sept images montrant des explosions de munitions au phosphore blanc dans le ciel au-dessus d’un quartier […]","og_url":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/4569","og_site_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 - \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NHRCLB","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/nhrclb\/","article_published_time":"2026-03-09T11:32:43+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-09T11:41:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":900,"height":1200,"url":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/202603mena_lebanon_phosphorus.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"NHRCLB","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@nhrclb","twitter_site":"@nhrclb","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"NHRCLB","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/4569#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/4569"},"author":{"name":"NHRCLB","@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr#\/schema\/person\/bcb35210564d89b3fafa40dbc39320bf"},"headline":"Human Rights Watch confirme l\u2019utilisation de munitions au phosphore blanc au-dessus de zones r\u00e9sidentielles dans le sud du Liban","datePublished":"2026-03-09T11:32:43+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-09T11:41:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/4569"},"wordCount":1512,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/4569#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/202603mena_lebanon_phosphorus.webp","articleSection":["Actualit\u00e9s"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/4569","url":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\/archives\/4569","name":"Human Rights Watch confirme l\u2019utilisation de munitions au phosphore blanc au-dessus de zones r\u00e9sidentielles dans le sud du Liban | \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 - 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An independent national institution established under Law No. 62\/2016, which includes a National Preventive Mechanism against torture (the Committee for the Prevention of Torture), in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 12\/2008 (ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture). 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