{"id":9702,"date":"2026-11-15T13:53:15","date_gmt":"2026-11-15T11:53:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/?p=9702"},"modified":"2026-11-15T14:07:13","modified_gmt":"2026-11-15T12:07:13","slug":"advisory-opinion-on-repealing-the-unmarried-status-requirement-for-women-applying-to-the-foreign-service","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/9702","title":{"rendered":"Advisory Opinion on Repealing the Unmarried Status Requirement for Women Applying to the Foreign Service"},"content":{"rendered":"

Advisory Opinion on Repealing the Unmarried Status Requirement for Women Applying to the Foreign Service<\/h3>\n

Pursuant to Article 15 paragraph b item 3 of Law No. 62 of 27 October 2016 as amended<\/h3>\n

Consolidated review of the proposals by Inaya Ezzeddine and Paula Yacoubian | 15 November 2026<\/h3>\n

I Subject of the opinion the Commission\u2019s competence and methodology<\/h1>\n
    \n
  1. This opinion examines the proposed laws submitted by MPs Dr Inaya Ezzeddine and Paula Yacoubian to repeal paragraph 4 of Article 12 of the Law brought into effect by Decree No. 1306 of 18 June 1971, as amended, concerning the organization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants and its staffing establishment. The Commission supports repealing the unmarried status requirement imposed on women applying for Category III positions in the diplomatic and consular service. It recommends combining and jointly examining the two proposals and adopting a unified text ensuring that women applicants benefit from the reform in the announced competitive examination, rather than only in subsequent examinations.[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
  2. This opinion falls within the Commission\u2019s power to review legislation and issue opinions on its own initiative concerning compliance with human rights standards, under Article 15(b)(3) of Law No. 62 of 27 October 2016, as amended. It is issued on the Commission\u2019s own initiative as part of its role in protecting human rights and promoting equality and non-discrimination in legislation and practice.[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
  3. The review compares the two texts and their explanatory memoranda with the constitutional and treaty framework, assesses the lawfulness of the unmarried status requirement and its connection to merit and job requirements, and then examines how the timing of repeal affects the effective right to apply. It distinguishes binding treaty obligations, treaty bodies\u2019 recommendations as interpretive and monitoring references, and information and plans submitted by the State to those bodies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    II Documents dates and scope of the two proposals<\/h1>\n
      \n
    1. Dr Inaya Ezzeddine\u2019s proposal comprises two articles: repeal of paragraph 4 and entry into force upon publication in the Official Gazette. The signed version is dated 12 October 2026, also the registration date on the Parliamentary Observatory\u2019s page. Its explanatory memorandum addresses equality, equal opportunities and the exclusionary effects of marital status.[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
    2. Paula Yacoubian\u2019s proposal likewise comprises two articles with the same legislative content. The Observatory records registration on 15 October 2026, while the available signed version shows no drafting date. Its reasoning emphasizes discrimination between women and men and among women according to marital status. This review therefore uses the October dates established in the documents and published records, rather than the dates of 12 and 15 November mentioned in the background account.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
    3. An earlier double-urgency proposal was submitted by MPs Paula Yacoubian, Yassin Yassin and Mark Daou on 18 February 2026. It helps trace the continuing demand for repeal.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
    4. The Civil Service Board\u2019s announcement, as published on the date this text was prepared, confirms that applications are accepted from 2 November to 2 December 2026 and that the competitive examination begins on 16 January 2027. These are distinct deadlines: repealing the requirement before the examination without reopening applications could leave its exclusionary effects intact. An official announcement for an earlier examination in the same service also shows that the administration expressly applied the unmarried status requirement; the review therefore concerns more than an unused provision.[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      III Substance of the restriction and its human rights effects<\/h1>\n
        \n
      1. The provision proposed for repeal requires a woman applicant to be unmarried. It establishes direct sex discrimination, since no equivalent condition applies to male applicants, and discrimination among women on marital-status grounds, excluding some from competition regardless of their qualifications. The harm arises when access to application is denied, even before successful candidates are ranked or appointed.[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
      2. Being unmarried does not in itself relate to legal or language knowledge, representation and negotiation skills, or integrity. The role may require readiness to relocate and serve abroad, but this must be assessed through published, uniform professional conditions and individual evaluation, rather than assuming that every married woman is unable to perform the duties and every married man is able to do so.<\/li>\n
      3. The restriction turns a private-life choice into an employment barrier and reproduces a stereotype assigning family responsibilities solely to women. Its age or inclusion in legislation does not remove its discriminatory effects; instead, legislative intervention is required to repeal it and prevent its reproduction in application forms, interviews or administrative discretion.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        IV Constitutional and international framework and Lebanon\u2019s obligations<\/h1>\n

        1 Equality and access to public service<\/h2>\n
          \n
        1. Article 12 of the Constitution, on access to public office according to merit and competence, must be read alongside Article 7, equality under paragraph (c) of the Preamble and Lebanon\u2019s human rights commitments under paragraph (b). The legislature\u2019s power to set employment conditions does not make every condition constitutional; conditions must be objectively connected to performance of the duties and respect equal opportunities.[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
        2. Articles 2, 3, 25(c) and 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights guarantee non-discrimination, equality between women and men and equal access to public service. Paragraph 23 of General Comment No. 25 provides guidance by linking appointment and promotion procedures to objective and reasonable criteria. Article 17 on privacy must also be respected, without treating family status as evidence of professional unfitness.[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          2 Obligations under CEDAW<\/h2>\n
            \n
          1. Articles 1, 2, 3 and 5 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women require the State to eliminate discrimination in legislation and practice and address stereotyped roles. Article 1\u2019s definition covers women\u2019s enjoyment of rights irrespective of marital status, making that standard particularly relevant here.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
          2. Articles 7(b), 8 and 11(1)(b) and (c) are especially important, concerning public office, international representation of government, equal employment opportunities, selection criteria and career development. Implementation requires more than theoretically allowing women to undertake diplomatic work: legal barriers preventing some from applying must be removed. Article 11(2)(c) supports services enabling parents to reconcile family and professional responsibilities.[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
          3. Lebanon\u2019s registered reservations concern Article 9(2), certain provisions of Article 16(1), and Article 29(1); they do not cover Articles 7, 8 or 11. Reservations concerning nationality or family relations therefore provide no basis for retaining an unmarried status requirement in recruitment. Withdrawal of reservations remains a broader reform process on which repeal of this restriction does not depend.[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
          4. General Recommendation No. 40 (2024), particularly paragraphs 53\u201355 on international representation, provides guidance by calling for parity in diplomatic and consular appointments, removal of bias in training and examinations and equal family benefits. The Commission considers repeal a necessary step towards equal competition, to be complemented by review of access, promotion and decision-making opportunities.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            3 Other relevant conventions<\/h2>\n
              \n
            1. Articles 2(2) and 3, together with Articles 6 and 7 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, affirm the right to work and equal opportunities without discrimination. This right does not require appointment of every applicant, but requires qualified persons to be able to compete under lawful, equal criteria.[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
            2. The State is also bound by ILO Convention No. 111 concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation, ratified by Lebanon on 1 June 1977. Protection extends to access to employment and occupations. The Convention excludes distinctions based on the inherent requirements of a particular job; that exception does not justify equating marriage, for women alone, with inability to perform diplomatic service.[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              4 Lebanon\u2019s follow-up before treaty mechanisms<\/h2>\n
                \n
              1. In its 2022 concluding observations, particularly paragraph 14(c), the CEDAW Committee recommended accelerating the review and repeal of discriminatory laws within a timeframe. Paragraph 30(b) specifically addresses women\u2019s representation in decision-making positions in the civil and foreign services, making repeal a concrete implementation of these recommendations\u2019 direction. These are monitoring recommendations to implement the Convention, not provisions automatically repealing domestic law.[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
              2. Lebanon\u2019s sixth periodic report and replies to the list of issues describe legislative review and proposals to remove discrimination. The replies identify the Women and Children Committee\u2019s goal of comprehensive legislative review for alignment with the Convention. The Commission concludes that these announced processes should become a specific, effective repeal; it does not attribute to Lebanon a particular undertaking to repeal paragraph 4 by a deadline unsupported by the documents.[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
              3. This is reinforced by the Human Rights Committee\u2019s 2018 observations, particularly paragraphs 11, 12, 17 and 18, on comprehensive protection against discrimination, addressing stereotypes and improving equal representation of women in public life. Monitoring implementation remains part of assessing consistency of legislation and practice with the Covenant.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                V Opinion on each proposal and guidance from published analysis<\/h1>\n

                1 Dr Inaya Ezzeddine\u2019s proposal<\/h2>\n
                  \n
                1. The Commission supports Article 1 of the first proposal because express repeal removes the barrier at its legislative source and avoids continuing conflict for the administration and applicants. It supports entry into force upon publication and recommends a transitional provision applying repeal to ongoing examination procedures and providing an actual opportunity to apply after the restriction is removed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  2 Paula Yacoubian\u2019s proposal<\/h2>\n
                    \n
                  1. The Commission supports Article 1 of the second proposal on the same human rights grounds and considers repeal to cover the restriction and associated exclusion of women according to marital status without listing each status separately. It also supports immediate entry into force upon publication, with the proposed transitional provision ensuring effects in the current examination.<\/li>\n
                  2. No difference in the available operative provisions requires choosing one proposal over the other: both repeal the same paragraph and take effect upon publication. Differences in their explanatory memoranda enrich the common reasoning without creating conflicting rules. The Commission therefore recommends combining them in committee and preparing a single text acknowledging both initiatives.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    3 The Legal Agenda\u2019s observations<\/h2>\n
                      \n
                    1. The Commission draws on Hala Najjar\u2019s article \u201cA Proposal to Remove Discrimination against Married Women in the Diplomatic Service\u201d, published in The Legal Agenda\u2019s Parliamentary Observatory on 2 June 2026, particularly its criticism of the assumed connection between marriage and unsuitability for foreign service and its linkage of equality to merit and competence.[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      VI Legislative process and urgent transitional measures<\/h1>\n
                        \n
                      1. The Commission recommends requesting consolidation and joint placement on the competent committees\u2019 agendas, coordinating the Foreign Affairs and Emigrants, Administration and Justice, Women and Children, and Human Rights Committees according to the prescribed referrals. An early date should be set for joint examination, reporting and submission to the plenary, reflecting the provision\u2019s simplicity and the short timeframe.<\/li>\n
                      2. The first timing objective is to complete adoption, promulgation and publication before applications close on 2 December 2026, leaving sufficient time for women to prepare their files. A vote before the examination scheduled for 16 January 2027 is insufficient if applications remain closed. If that first objective cannot be met, repeal must be combined with reopening applications and adjusting the examination date where necessary.<\/li>\n
                      3. On its own initiative and in the alternative, if this timetable cannot be achieved, the Commission recommends that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants and the Civil Service Board take measures within their powers and obtain any necessary authorization from the competent authority to postpone commencement of the examination by at least three months from its announced date, to no earlier than 16 April 2027, extending or reopening applications so that repeal has practical effect after entering into force.[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
                      4. Postponement does not suspend paragraph 4 by administrative decision or imply permission to disregard it before repeal. It is a temporary organizational measure to preserve the reform\u2019s effectiveness and prevent completion of a competitive process excluding the women concerned. It must be adopted by a reasoned decision of the competent authority, published through the examination\u2019s official announcement channels, and must not become indefinite postponement of recruitment.<\/li>\n
                      5. The Commission proposes a new period of at least 30 days after repeal takes effect to submit and complete applications, with reasonable preparation time before the examination. This is a proposed safeguard, not an existing deadline. If three months are insufficient to enact the legislation, the timetable should be reassessed by a reasoned decision balancing participation rights and continuity of public service without reproducing exclusion.<\/li>\n
                      6. Previously submitted eligible applications should be preserved without requiring resubmission. Applications rejected solely because of the repealed restriction should be reconsidered within the ongoing examination procedures, with notice to those concerned. Test dates and criteria must be uniform for all accepted candidates and the revised list duly published, without guaranteeing success or appointment to any group.<\/li>\n
                      7. Postponement requires attention to conditions calculated on the examination date, particularly age, so that persons do not lose eligibility because of a measure intended to correct discrimination. The Commission recommends a transitional provision retaining 16 January 2027 as the age-calculation reference for this examination only, if the rules tie age to examination day; it does not presume that a statutory condition can be altered by a mere administrative decision.[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
                      8. These measures do not automatically annul completed earlier examinations or create retroactive appointments. Affected women\u2019s rights to complain, seek judicial review and claim compensation remain subject to applicable rules and time limits. Decisions excluding applications in the current examination should be reasoned and notified and state available challenge procedures.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        VII Proposed legislative wording<\/h1>\n
                          \n
                        1. Following consolidation, the Commission recommends the following core text, with necessary transitional provisions for the announced examination, without making repeal itself dependent on implementing decrees:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Article 1 Paragraph 4 of Article 12 of the Law brought into effect by Decree No. 1306 of 18 June 1971, as amended, concerning the organization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants and its staffing establishment, is repealed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          Article 2 The repeal shall apply to procedures for competitive admission examinations for Category III of the foreign service that have not concluded when this Law enters into force. The application period shall be extended or reopened for at least 30 days from publication, after this Law enters into force, of the announcement amending examination conditions. Previously submitted eligible applications shall be preserved and applications rejected solely on account of the repealed requirement reconsidered. Test dates shall be adjusted to ensure these safeguards and equality between male and female applicants.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          For the examination announced to begin on 16 January 2027 alone, that date shall remain the reference for calculating the age requirement if the examination is postponed, without changing the statutory age limit.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          Article 3 This Law shall enter into force upon publication in the Official Gazette.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                           <\/p>\n

                          VIII Completing equality and monitoring implementation<\/h1>\n
                            \n
                          1. The Commission recommends that the Ministry and Civil Service Board review recruitment announcements, forms, instructions and interviews immediately upon entry into force and remove requests for proof of unmarried status where intended to implement the repealed restriction. This does not prevent requesting family information necessary for a separate, specific lawful purpose, provided it is not used to exclude women or diminish their opportunities.<\/li>\n
                          2. Substantive equality requires examination of foreign-service conditions, promotion, mission assignments and family benefits, and professional arrangements respecting women\u2019s and men\u2019s caregiving responsibilities. These measures must not become preconditions delaying repeal, but should proceed in parallel with sex-disaggregated indicators on applications, acceptance, examination success, appointment and promotion, protecting personal data.<\/li>\n
                          3. The Commission recommends requesting a joint statement from the Ministry and Board on implementation steps and the revised timetable within 15 days of receiving this opinion, and on the results of applying repeal after the examination concludes. This is a proposed follow-up period, not a mandatory deadline under existing law. Findings should inform the Commission\u2019s monitoring work and contributions to follow-up on treaty mechanisms\u2019 recommendations.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            IX Conclusions and recommendations<\/h1>\n
                              \n
                            1. The Commission considers the unmarried status requirement for women discriminatory and unsupported by the nature of the duties or requirements of merit and competence. It recommends approving both proposals\u2019 legislative direction and expressly repealing paragraph 4 with effect upon publication.<\/li>\n
                            2. It requests consolidation and urgent joint committee examination, followed by referral of a unified text to the plenary for adoption, completion of promulgation and publication, and effective access to applications before closure, or reopening through a clear transitional provision if the original deadline cannot be met.<\/li>\n
                            3. If that timetable cannot be achieved, it recommends, on its own initiative and in the alternative, postponing the examination by at least three months to no earlier than 16 April 2027, extending or reopening applications with sufficient time after repeal takes effect, preserving prior applications and equal tests, and addressing postponement\u2019s effect on age requirements through a provision of appropriate legal rank.<\/li>\n
                            4. The Commission emphasizes that postponement does not replace repeal and that repeal alone is insufficient unless the restriction\u2019s effects are removed from the current examination. It recommends communicating this opinion to the Presidency of Parliament, competent committees, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants, Civil Service Board and National Commission for Lebanese Women for follow-up within their respective mandates.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                              \n

                              [1]<\/sup><\/a>The Legal Agenda\u2019s Parliamentary Observatory, pages for proposals Nos. 1830 and 1834 to repeal paragraph 4 of Article 12 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants\u2019 organizational statute, and the accompanying signed texts. Accessed 15 November 2026.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/www.lapoleb.com\/law_project\/1830\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/www.lapoleb.com\/law_project\/1834\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [2]<\/sup><\/a>Lebanese Republic, Law No. 62 of 27 October 2016, as amended, establishing the National Human Rights Commission, including the Committee for the Prevention of Torture, particularly Article 15(b)(3) on opinions concerning matters referred to the Commission or examined on its initiative with regard to human rights standards, and Articles 14 and 16 on information requests, monitoring and assessment.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/nhrclb.org\/law62\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [3]<\/sup><\/a>MP Dr Inaya Ezzeddine, proposed law repealing paragraph 4 of Article 12 of the Law brought into effect by Decree No. 1306 of 18 June 1971, as amended, signed version dated 12 October 2026; text on page 1 and explanatory memorandum on pages 2\u20133. https:\/\/www.lapoleb.com\/uploads\/media\/6ad5d0ee05f21-1792397550.pdf<\/p>\n

                              [4]<\/sup><\/a>MP Paula Yacoubian, proposed law with the same title, text on page 1 and explanatory memorandum on page 2; Observatory page recording registration on 15 October 2026.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/www.lapoleb.com\/uploads\/media\/6ad5d1685e537-1792397672.pdf\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/www.lapoleb.com\/law_project\/1834\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [5]<\/sup><\/a>The Legal Agenda, \u201cRepeal of Paragraph 4 of Article 12 of the Law Brought into Effect by Decree No. 1306 of 18 June 1971, as Amended (Organization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants and Its Staffing Establishment)\u201d, Parliamentary Observatory database, double-urgency proposal submitted by MPs Paula Yacoubian, Mark Daou and Yassin Yassin, registered 18 February 2026.<\/p>\n

                              https:\/\/www.lapoleb.com\/law_project\/1682\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [6]<\/sup><\/a>Civil Service Board, announcement of a competitive examination to fill certain vacant Category III foreign-service positions in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants, applications from 2 November to 2 December 2026 and examination on 16 January 2027; accessed 15 November 2026. See also the announcement for the earlier examination scheduled for 10 March 2026, expressly requiring unmarried status and proof thereof.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/portal.csb.gov.lb\/ar\/Examination\/Default\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/portal.csb.gov.lb\/ar\/Examination\/PreviousDetails?Id=321\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [7]<\/sup><\/a>Law brought into effect by Decree No. 1306 of 18 June 1971, as amended, Article 12, paragraph 4. Its wording is also established in the earlier official announcement cited in footnote 6.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/portal.csb.gov.lb\/ar\/Examination\/PreviousDetails?Id=321\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [8]<\/sup><\/a>Lebanese Constitution, Preamble, paragraphs (b) and (c), and Articles 7 and 12; Lebanese Parliament\u2019s Constitution page. The conclusion requiring an objective connection between the condition and the role is the Commission\u2019s analysis of these principles, without attributing a specific judicial decision whose reference is not established in the documents.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/www.lp.gov.lb\/CustomPage?Id=35\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [9]<\/sup><\/a>International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Articles 2, 3, 17, 25(c) and 26; Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 25 on participation in public affairs, voting rights and equal access to public service, document CCPR\/C\/21\/Rev.1\/Add.7, paragraph 23 on objective and reasonable appointment and promotion criteria.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/docs.un.org\/CCPR\/C\/21\/Rev.1\/Add.7\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [10]<\/sup><\/a>Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Articles 1, 2, 3 and 5. Article 2(f) requires appropriate measures to modify or abolish discriminatory laws, regulations and practices; Article 5 addresses stereotyped roles.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [11]<\/sup><\/a>Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Articles 7(b) on public office, 8 on international representation of government, 11(1)(b) and (c) on employment opportunities, selection criteria and career development, and 11(2)(c) on supporting services to reconcile family obligations with work responsibilities and public participation.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [12]<\/sup><\/a>United Nations Treaty Collection, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, reservations and declarations, Lebanon\u2019s entry. Published reservations do not cover Articles 7, 8 or 11, according to the record accessed on 15 November 2026.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/treaties.un.org\/Pages\/Declarations.aspx?chapter=4&index=Lebanon&lang=_en&treaty=339\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [13]<\/sup><\/a>Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General Recommendation No. 40 (2024) on the equal and inclusive representation of women in decision-making systems, document CEDAW\/C\/GC\/40, paragraphs 53, 54 and 55, particularly 55(a), (b) and (c) on diplomatic appointments, training, examinations and family benefits. This is interpretive guidance, not directly applicable domestic legislation.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/documents.un.org\/doc\/undoc\/gen\/n24\/324\/40\/pdf\/n2432440.pdf\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [14]<\/sup><\/a>International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Articles 2(2), 3, 6 and 7, particularly Article 7(c) on equal promotion opportunities based on seniority and competence.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [15]<\/sup><\/a>International Labour Organization, Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111), Articles 1, 2 and 3; Lebanon\u2019s ratification record confirming ratification on 1 June 1977 and the Convention\u2019s continued force. Article 1(2) concerns the inherent requirements of a particular job; Article 1(3) includes access to employment and occupations and employment conditions.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/normlex.ilo.org\/dyn\/nrmlx_en\/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C111\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/normlex.ilo.org\/dyn\/nrmlx_en\/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:11200:0::NO::P11200_COUNTRY_ID:103147\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [16]<\/sup><\/a>Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, concluding observations on Lebanon\u2019s sixth periodic report, document CEDAW\/C\/LBN\/CO\/6, 1 March 2022, paragraph 14(c) on accelerating legislative review and paragraph 30(b) on special measures for women\u2019s representation in decision-making positions in the civil and foreign services; see also paragraph 22(b).<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/documents.un.org\/api\/symbol\/access?l=en&s=CEDAW\/C\/LBN\/CO\/6&t=pdf\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [17]<\/sup><\/a>Lebanon, sixth periodic report to the CEDAW Committee, document CEDAW\/C\/LBN\/6, particularly paragraph 135 on removing discriminatory provisions; replies to the list of issues, document CEDAW\/C\/LBN\/RQ\/6, section on the constitutional and legislative framework and the Women and Children Committee\u2019s strategy. The State\u2019s description of plans and activities is distinguished from a specific treaty obligation or time-bound undertaking not established by these references.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/3889198\/files\/CEDAW_C_LBN_6-EN.pdf\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/3924358\/files\/CEDAW_C_LBN_RQ_6-EN.pdf\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [18]<\/sup><\/a>Human Rights Committee, concluding observations on Lebanon\u2019s third periodic report, document CCPR\/C\/LBN\/CO\/3, 9 May 2018, paragraphs 11\u201312 on non-discrimination and remedies and 17\u201318 on equality, stereotypes and women\u2019s representation in public life and decision-making.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/documents.un.org\/api\/symbol\/access?l=en&s=CCPR\/C\/LBN\/CO\/3&t=pdf\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [19]<\/sup><\/a>Hala Najjar, \u201cA Proposal to Remove Discrimination against Married Women in the Diplomatic Service\u201d, The Legal Agenda\u2019s Parliamentary Observatory, 2 June 2026.<\/p>\n

                              \u200e<\/a>https<\/a>:\/\/<\/a>www<\/a>.<\/a>lapoleb<\/a>.<\/a>com<\/a>\/<\/a>analyse<\/a>\/<\/a>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d<\/a>_<\/a>\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/a>_<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/a>_<\/a>\u0636\u062f<\/a>_<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/a>_<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/a>_<\/a>\u0641\u064a<\/a>_<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643<\/a>_<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/a>\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [20]<\/sup><\/a>Civil Service Board, announcement cited in footnote 6, confirming 16 January 2027. Postponement of at least three months to no earlier than 16 April 2027 and extension or reopening of applications are fallback recommendations proposed by the Commission, not established administrative dates or a decision suspending the examination.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/portal.csb.gov.lb\/ar\/Examination\/Default\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              [21]<\/sup><\/a>The earlier foreign-service examination announcement calculates the age limit on examination day. Transitional legislation is therefore proposed if the current examination rules contain the same requirement, after verification of the official rules. This opinion does not infer the new examination\u2019s age-calculation method from its general announcement alone.<\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/portal.csb.gov.lb\/ar\/Examination\/PreviousDetails?Id=321\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n

                              \u200ehttps:\/\/portal.csb.gov.lb\/ar\/Examination\/Default\u200e<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              Advisory Opinion on Repealing the Unmarried Status Requirement for Women Applying to the Foreign Service Pursuant to Article 15 paragraph b item 3 of Law No. 62 of 27 October 2016 as amended Consolidated review of the proposals by Inaya Ezzeddine and Paula Yacoubian | 15 November 2026 I Subject of the opinion the Commission\u2019s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9698,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[257],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-advisory-opinions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAdvisory Opinion on Repealing the Unmarried Status Requirement for Women Applying to the Foreign Service | National Human Rights Commission - 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