{"id":9081,"date":"2026-10-19T19:00:16","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T16:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/?p=9081"},"modified":"2026-10-19T19:11:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T16:11:59","slug":"lebanon-in-the-2026-trafficking-in-persons-report-progress-in-combating-trafficking-persistent-gaps-in-victim-protection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/9081","title":{"rendered":"Lebanon in the 2026 Trafficking in Persons Report: Progress in Combating Trafficking, Persistent Gaps in Victim Protection"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>A comparison of the U.S. Department of State\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/reports\/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report\/lebanon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/reports\/2026-trafficking-in-persons-report\/lebanon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2026<\/a> reports shows Lebanon retaining its Tier 2 ranking, with improvements in convictions and referrals to protection services, alongside continuing risks of forced labor and the exploitation of children and domestic workers.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/reports\/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report\/lebanon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The U.S. Department of State\u2019s 2026 Trafficking in Persons Report<\/a> kept Lebanon at Tier 2, finding that the government does not fully meet the minimum standards for eliminating trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so. This follows Lebanon\u2019s upgrade from the Tier 2 Watch List to Tier 2 in the 2025 report.<\/p>\n<p>A comparison of the two reports shows progress in several aspects of the government\u2019s response, particularly convictions of traffickers, increased referrals to assistance services, the launch of standard operating procedures for identifying and protecting victims, and stronger oversight of domestic worker recruitment agencies. However, these developments have not eliminated the gaps that expose victims to exploitation or prevent them from accessing protection and justice.<\/p>\n<p>An unchanged ranking does not mean that trafficking has declined or that victims\u2019 circumstances have improved across the board. The ranking assesses government efforts to combat trafficking; measuring changes in the prevalence of the crime requires more complete and consistent data.<\/p>\n<h2>Improved Judicial Outcomes, but Investigations Remain Limited<\/h2>\n<p>The 2026 report states that the government reported investigating six trafficking cases in 2025, prosecuting 14 suspects, and convicting 13 traffickers. This compares with three investigations, prosecutions initiated against 73 suspects, and no reported convictions in 2024, according to the 2025 report.<\/p>\n<p>The new convictions included 12 for sex trafficking and one for forced labor. The government did not provide sentencing information for most cases, but reported that one trafficker received a sentence of 15 years\u2019 imprisonment, a fine of 300 million Lebanese pounds, and deportation upon completion of the sentence.<\/p>\n<p>These convictions represent progress in accountability. However, the decline in the number of suspects prosecuted requires careful interpretation. The report cautions that data may be incomplete or include other crimes, limiting direct comparisons between years. Convictions may also concern cases investigated during earlier reporting periods and cannot therefore be treated as outcomes of the new prosecutions initiated in the same year.<\/p>\n<p>The report does not specify whether the forced labor conviction involved domestic servitude. This distinction matters because the 2025 report noted the absence of previous convictions for this form of exploitation.<\/p>\n<p>Institutional capacity also increased: the number of officers in the Internal Security Forces\u2019 Morals Protection and Anti-Trafficking Unit rose from 20 to 25. Nevertheless, the unit remained understaffed, while overlapping responsibilities for trafficking and morals-related offenses continued to limit its prioritization of trafficking cases.<\/p>\n<h2>More Referrals to Protection Services, but Gaps in Victim Identification<\/h2>\n<p>The 2026 report assessed that victim protection efforts increased, compared with the \u201cmixed\u201d efforts described in the 2025 report. NGOs reported that government entities referred 108 of the 809 victims they assisted, compared with 33 government referrals and 224 victims assisted by NGOs and international organizations in the preceding year.<\/p>\n<p>However, the government reported identifying only 12 victims during the new reporting period: 10 adult women subjected to sex trafficking and two girls subjected to an unspecified form of trafficking. The previous report recorded 64 potential victims, while acknowledging that some cases may have involved other crimes.<\/p>\n<p>These figures do not establish a decline in the number of trafficking victims. The reporting categories differ between \u201cpotential victims\u201d and \u201cvictims,\u201d and government identification figures do not cover the same caseloads as those assisted by NGOs.<\/p>\n<p>A significant gap nevertheless emerges. Although the 2026 report describes forced labor as the predominant form of trafficking, the government\u2019s list of 12 identified victims includes no explicitly identified forced labor victims. This points to a need for stronger detection of labor exploitation, particularly in domestic work and sectors employing people in precarious legal and economic circumstances.<\/p>\n<h2>Standard Procedures and Steps to Facilitate Complaints<\/h2>\n<p>Among the main developments recorded in the new report was the Cabinet\u2019s formal approval, on 14 May 2025, of standard operating procedures for identifying, assisting, and protecting trafficking victims. The procedures were officially launched in October that year, following collaboration between government and non-governmental institutions with support from an international organization.<\/p>\n<p>The 2025 report had noted an exceptional approval of victim identification procedures in January 2025, alongside preparations for implementation. The new report documents subsequent formal approval, launch, and training, but confirms that some victim-witness protection provisions had not begun to be implemented during the reporting period.<\/p>\n<p>The report also records a circular issued by the Prosecutor General at the Court of Cassation allowing foreign domestic workers to file complaints of mistreatment and preventing their arrest for violations of residency and work permit conditions. An international organization reported that potential victims it assisted had not faced detention, fines, or other penalties for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of being trafficked.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, reports persisted of unidentified victims being arrested, detained, and deported for acts linked to their exploitation. This reveals uneven implementation and makes the effective application of the non-punishment principle a central test of the reforms.<\/p>\n<h2>Stronger Recruitment Oversight, but Structural Risks Remain<\/h2>\n<p>The 2026 report records new measures regulating recruitment agencies, including additional financial and administrative requirements, new licensing conditions, increased financial guarantees, and rules governing domestic workers\u2019 transfers between employers.<\/p>\n<p>The measures also clarified that recruitment agencies may not receive money or benefits, directly or indirectly, from domestic workers. The Ministry of Labor reported closing 20 recruitment agencies during the year and establishing blacklists of abusive employers and agencies that violated regulations.<\/p>\n<p>This marks a development from the 2025 report, which recorded no reported enforcement action by the ministry against recruitment agencies during its reporting period. However, closures and administrative sanctions cannot replace criminal investigations and prosecutions where trafficking indicators are present.<\/p>\n<p>Structural drivers of exploitation also remained, particularly the employer-based residency system and the absence of a law prohibiting or penalizing passport confiscation. The report further noted that officials generally sought to resolve cases involving foreign workers through mediation between workers and employers rather than referring them for criminal prosecution.<\/p>\n<h2>Children and Migrants Face Continuing Risks<\/h2>\n<p>The 2026 report noted that forced child labor among Syrian refugees continued to increase, particularly in agriculture, construction, street vending, and forced begging, with limited government efforts to address these practices. It also recorded the use of forced child labor in exchange for housing in some informal settlements.<\/p>\n<p>The report described methods used to exploit migrants, including false job offers circulated through WhatsApp groups and Facebook pages, scams impersonating international organizations\u2019 resettlement processes, and schemes demanding money and documents from migrants attempting to regularize their legal status.<\/p>\n<p>It also recorded cases in which people recruited for domestic work were subsequently denied freedom of movement and forced to package drugs. Such cases highlight the risk of victims being compelled to engage in criminal activity and the importance of identifying coercion before treating them as offenders.<\/p>\n<p>These findings indicate continuing serious risks and worsening exploitation in some areas. They do not, however, provide a statistical basis for calculating a nationwide increase in trafficking.<\/p>\n<h2>Protection and Access to Remedy as Measures of Progress<\/h2>\n<p>Despite the developments recorded, the 2026 report found that Lebanon lacked an approved national action plan and a formal interagency task force. Establishment of a new national anti-trafficking committee remained pending a Cabinet decision.<\/p>\n<p>The government continued to rely on NGOs to shelter and care for adult victims. It did not order restitution for victims as part of the reported criminal sentences, while a victim support fund remained under development. Formal policies providing foreign victims with legal alternatives to removal to countries where they could face retaliation or hardship were also absent.<\/p>\n<p>The comparison shows procedural and judicial progress that has yet to translate into comprehensive and consistent protection. Its practical impact must be assessed through victims\u2019 ability to report abuse safely, obtain shelter, legal assistance, and compensation, and participate in judicial proceedings without fear of retaliation, detention, or deportation.<\/p>\n<p>From a human rights perspective, priorities include consistent implementation of protection procedures, stronger identification of forced labor victims, protection of children from exploitation, criminal accountability rather than reliance on settlements, and adequate resources for these tasks. Better data, collected with safeguards for victims\u2019 confidentiality, is also essential to assess results and direct policies toward those most at risk.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A comparison of the U.S. Department of State\u2019s 2025 and 2026 reports shows Lebanon retaining its Tier 2 ranking, with improvements in convictions and referrals to protection services, alongside continuing risks of forced labor and the exploitation of children and domestic workers. The U.S. Department of State\u2019s 2026 Trafficking in Persons Report kept Lebanon at [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9078,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[249,154],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cctip","category-news-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lebanon in the 2026 Trafficking in Persons Report: Progress in Combating Trafficking, Persistent Gaps in Victim Protection | National Human Rights Commission - Lebanon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/9081\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lebanon in the 2026 Trafficking in Persons Report: Progress in Combating Trafficking, Persistent Gaps in Victim Protection | National Human Rights Commission - Lebanon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A comparison of the U.S. Department of State\u2019s 2025 and 2026 reports shows Lebanon retaining its Tier 2 ranking, with improvements in convictions and referrals to protection services, alongside continuing risks of forced labor and the exploitation of children and domestic workers. The U.S. Department of State\u2019s 2026 Trafficking in Persons Report kept Lebanon at [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/9081\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"National Human Rights Commission - Lebanon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NHRCLB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/nhrclb\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-19T16:00:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-19T16:11:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Lebanon-NHRC-CHT1538405462-IMG_8904-1024x683.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"NHRCLB\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@nhrclb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@nhrclb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"NHRCLB\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/en\\\/archives\\\/9081#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/en\\\/archives\\\/9081\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"NHRCLB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/en#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/bcb35210564d89b3fafa40dbc39320bf\"},\"headline\":\"Lebanon in the 2026 Trafficking in Persons Report: Progress in Combating Trafficking, Persistent Gaps in Victim Protection\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-19T16:00:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-19T16:11:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/en\\\/archives\\\/9081\"},\"wordCount\":1369,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/en#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/en\\\/archives\\\/9081#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Lebanon-NHRC-CHT1538405462-IMG_8904.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Committee on Combating Trafficking in Persons\",\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/en\\\/archives\\\/9081\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nhrclb.org\\\/en\\\/archives\\\/9081\",\"name\":\"Lebanon in the 2026 Trafficking in Persons Report: Progress in Combating Trafficking, Persistent Gaps in Victim Protection | National Human Rights Commission - 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