{"id":4564,"date":"2026-03-09T13:32:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T11:32:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/?p=4564"},"modified":"2026-03-09T13:37:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T11:37:07","slug":"human-rights-watch-verifies-use-of-white-phosphorus-over-residential-areas-in-southern-lebanon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/4564","title":{"rendered":"Human Rights Watch Verifies Use of White Phosphorus over Residential Areas in Southern Lebanon"},"content":{"rendered":"

The\u00a0Israeli<\/a>\u00a0military unlawfully used artillery-fired white phosphorus munitions over homes on March 3, 2026, in the southern\u00a0Lebanese\u00a0town of Yohmor, Human Rights Watch said today.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch verified and geolocated seven images showing airburst white phosphorus munitions being deployed over a residential part of the town and civil defense workers responding to fires in at least two homes and one car in that area.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Israeli military\u2019s unlawful use of white phosphorus over residential areas is extremely alarming and will have dire consequences for civilians,\u201d said\u00a0Ramzi Kaiss, Lebanon researcher at Human Rights Watch. \u201cThe\u00a0incendiary effects<\/a>\u00a0of white phosphorous can cause death or cruel injuries that result in lifelong suffering.\u201d<\/p>\n

White phosphorus is a chemical substance dispersed in artillery shells, bombs, and rockets that ignites when exposed to oxygen. It can set homes, agricultural areas, and other civilian objects on fire. Under\u00a0international humanitarian law<\/span>, the use of airburst white phosphorus is unlawfully indiscriminate in populated areas and does not meet the legal requirement to take all feasible precautions to avoid civilian harm.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch verified and geolocated an\u00a0image<\/a>\u00a0posted on social media the morning of March 3, showing at least two artillery-delivered white phosphorus munitions being airburst over a residential neighborhood in the town of Yohmor in southern Lebanon. Human Rights Watch identified the shape of the smoke cloud caused by the airbursts in the picture as entirely consistent with the \u201cknuckle\u201d made by the expelling and bursting charges of the M825-series 155mm artillery projectile that contains white phosphorous.<\/p>\n

Earlier that day, at 5:27 a.m, Avichay Adraee, Israel\u2019s Arabic military spokesperson, issued an\u00a0order<\/a>\u00a0stating that residents of Yohmor and 50 other villages and towns \u201cshould immediately evacuate [their homes] and move away from the villages to a distance of at least 1,000 meters outside the village to open land.\u201d Adraee repeated the statement at 12:12 p.m. that day. Human Rights Watch has not verified whether people were in the area or injured as a result of white phosphorus use.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch has previously documented the Israeli military\u2019s\u00a0widespread use of white phosphorus<\/a>\u00a0between October 2023 and May 2024 across border villages in southern Lebanon, which put civilians at grave risk and contributed to civilian displacement.<\/p>\n

White phosphorus can be used for multiple purposes, including to obscure, mark, signal, or directly attack military personnel and materiel. Concerns over its use in populated areas are amplified by the technique shown in videos of air-bursting white phosphorus projectiles, which spread 116 burning felt wedges impregnated with the substance over an area between 125 and 250 meters in diameter, depending on the altitude and angle of the burst, indiscriminately exposing more civilians and civilian structures to potential harm than a localized ground burst.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch also verified and geolocated photographs posted to Facebook at\u00a011:34 a.m.<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a01:36 p.m.<\/a>\u00a0by the Civil Defense Team of the Islamic Health Committee in Yohmor, which is affiliated with the Lebanese armed group Hezbollah. The photographs show workers extinguishing fires on residential rooftops and in a car and smoke emerging from the balconies of a home, which the Civil Defense Team attributed to white phosphorous. The geolocated sites were inside a radius of less than 160 meters.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch analysis indicates the fire was likely caused by felt wedges impregnated with white phosphorus given the proximity of the house and the car to the area where airburst munitions were observed, indicating that the munitions were used unlawfully over concentrations of civilians.<\/p>\n

Since the recent escalation of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah on March 2, at least 217 people have been\u00a0killed<\/a>\u00a0in Lebanon as of March 6, according to the health ministry, and\u00a0hundreds of thousands<\/a>\u00a0have been displaced.<\/p>\n

The Israeli military has issued\u00a0displacement orders<\/a>\u00a0for the entire population of Lebanon south of the Litani River and all residents of Beirut\u2019s\u00a0southern suburbs<\/a>, which include hundreds of thousands of people. The sweeping nature of the Israeli military\u2019s displacement orders raises concerns that their primary purpose is not to protect civilians but to instead spread terror and panic, especially in the context of recent large-scale displacement of civilians in Lebanon, raising serious risks of the war crime of forced displacement, Human Rights Watch said.<\/p>\n

Israel should prohibit all use of airburst artillery-delivered white phosphorus munitions in populated areas because it puts civilians at risk of indiscriminate attacks. There are available alternatives to white phosphorus in smoke shells, including some produced by Israeli companies such as the M150 smoke projectile, which the Israeli army has used in the\u00a0past<\/a>\u00a0as an obscurant, a means of hindering the visibility of its forces. These alternatives can have the same effect and dramatically reduce the harm to civilians.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch has urged\u00a0Israel\u2019s\u00a0key allies, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, to\u00a0suspend<\/a>\u00a0military assistance<\/a>\u00a0and arms sales to Israel and impose\u00a0targeted sanctions<\/a>\u00a0on officials credibly implicated in grave crimes. Lebanon\u2019s judicial authorities should initiate domestic investigations of serious international crimes, and the government should accede to the International Criminal Court\u2019s (ICC) Rome Statute and submit a declaration accepting the court\u2019s jurisdiction prior to the date of accession, including since at least October 7, 2023.<\/p>\n

Israel\u2019s widespread use of white phosphorus in southern Lebanon highlights the need for stronger international law on incendiary weapons, Human Rights Watch said.\u00a0Protocol III<\/a>\u00a0of the Convention on Conventional Weapons is the only legally binding instrument dedicated specifically to incendiary weapons. Lebanon is party to Protocol III, while Israel is not.<\/p>\n

Protocol III applies to weapons that are \u201cprimarily designed\u201d to set fires or cause burns, and thus excludes certain multipurpose munitions with incendiary effects, notably those containing white phosphorus. In addition, it has weaker regulations for the use in \u201cconcentrations of civilians\u201d of ground-launched incendiary weapons\u2014like the ones used in Lebanon\u2014than airdropped incendiary weapons, even though they produce the same horrific injuries.<\/p>\n

\u201cConcentrations of civilians\u201d is defined broadly to encompass populated areas ranging from villages to\u00a0refugee<\/span>\u00a0camps to cities. Human Rights Watch and many countries have long called for\u00a0closing these loopholes<\/a>\u00a0in Protocol III and creating international norms that better protect civilians from the harm caused by incendiary weapons.<\/p>\n

\u201cIsrael should immediately halt this practice and states providing Israel with weapons, including white phosphorus munitions, should immediately suspend military assistance and arms sales and push Israel to stop firing such munitions in residential areas,\u201d Kaiss said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The\u00a0Israeli\u00a0military unlawfully used artillery-fired white phosphorus munitions over homes on March 3, 2026, in the southern\u00a0Lebanese\u00a0town of Yohmor, Human Rights Watch said today. Human Rights Watch verified and geolocated seven images showing airburst white phosphorus munitions being deployed over a residential part of the town and civil defense workers responding to fires in at least […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4562,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[154],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4564","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-news-en"},"yoast_head":"\nHuman Rights Watch Verifies Use of White Phosphorus over Residential Areas in Southern Lebanon | National Human Rights Commission - Lebanon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/4564\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Human Rights Watch Verifies Use of White Phosphorus over Residential Areas in Southern Lebanon | National Human Rights Commission - Lebanon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The\u00a0Israeli\u00a0military unlawfully used artillery-fired white phosphorus munitions over homes on March 3, 2026, in the southern\u00a0Lebanese\u00a0town of Yohmor, Human Rights Watch said today. 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Human Rights Watch verified and geolocated seven images showing airburst white phosphorus munitions being deployed over a residential part of the town and civil defense workers responding to fires in at least […]","og_url":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/4564","og_site_name":"National Human Rights Commission - Lebanon","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NHRCLB","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/nhrclb\/","article_published_time":"2026-03-09T11:32:43+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-09T11:37:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":900,"height":1200,"url":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/202603mena_lebanon_phosphorus.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"NHRCLB","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@nhrclb","twitter_site":"@nhrclb","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"NHRCLB","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/4564#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/4564"},"author":{"name":"NHRCLB","@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en#\/schema\/person\/bcb35210564d89b3fafa40dbc39320bf"},"headline":"Human Rights Watch Verifies Use of White Phosphorus over Residential Areas in Southern Lebanon","datePublished":"2026-03-09T11:32:43+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-09T11:37:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/4564"},"wordCount":1080,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/4564#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/202603mena_lebanon_phosphorus.webp","articleSection":["News"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/4564","url":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/archives\/4564","name":"Human Rights Watch Verifies Use of White Phosphorus over Residential Areas in Southern Lebanon | National Human Rights Commission - 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