{"id":6336,"date":"2024-02-10T17:28:30","date_gmt":"2024-02-10T15:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/law62"},"modified":"2026-09-18T03:29:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-18T00:29:09","slug":"law62","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/law62","title":{"rendered":"Law No. 62\/2016"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div id=\"tdi_3\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4,\r\n                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_4,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_header_menu tdi_7 tds_menu_active1 tds_menu_sub_active1 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_7\"  style=\" z-index: 999;\">\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdb-header-align{\r\n                  vertical-align: middle;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n                  z-index: 999;\r\n                  clear: none;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-main-sub-icon-fake,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-sub-icon-fake{\r\n                    display: none;\r\n                }.rtl .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu{\r\n                  display: flex;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu{\r\n                  display: inline-block;\r\n                  vertical-align: middle;\r\n                  margin: 0;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu-inactive,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-menu-item-inactive{\r\n                  pointer-events: none;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu-inactive > ul,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-menu-item-inactive > ul{\r\n                  visibility: hidden;\r\n                  opacity: 0;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .sub-menu{\r\n                  font-size: 14px;\r\n                \r\n                  position: absolute;\r\n                  top: -999em;\r\n                  background-color: #fff;\r\n                  z-index: 99;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .sub-menu > li{\r\n                  list-style-type: none;\r\n                  margin: 0;\r\n                  font-family: var(--td_default_google_font_1, 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif);\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li{\r\n                  float: left;\r\n                  list-style-type: none;\r\n                  margin: 0;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a{\r\n                  position: relative;\r\n                  display: inline-block;\r\n                  padding: 0 14px;\r\n                  font-weight: 700;\r\n                  font-size: 14px;\r\n                  line-height: 48px;\r\n                  vertical-align: middle;\r\n                  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n                  -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;\r\n                  color: #000;\r\n                  font-family: var(--td_default_google_font_1, 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif);\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a:after{\r\n                  content: '';\r\n                  position: absolute;\r\n                  bottom: 0;\r\n                  left: 0;\r\n                  right: 0;\r\n                  margin: 0 auto;\r\n                  width: 0;\r\n                  height: 3px;\r\n                  background-color: var(--td_theme_color, #4db2ec);\r\n                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);\r\n                  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);\r\n                  -webkit-transition: width 0.2s ease;\r\n                  transition: width 0.2s ease;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a > .tdb-menu-item-text{\r\n                  display: inline-block;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-menu-item-text,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a span{\r\n                  vertical-align: middle;\r\n                  float: left;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{\r\n                  margin: 0 0 0 7px;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg{\r\n                  float: none;\r\n                  line-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg{\r\n                  width: 14px;\r\n                  height: auto;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *{\r\n                  fill: #000;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.current-menu-item > a:after,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a:after,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.current-category-ancestor > a:after,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.current-page-ancestor > a:after,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li:hover > a:after,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.tdb-hover > a:after{\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li:hover > ul,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.tdb-hover > ul{\r\n                  top: auto;\r\n                  display: block !important;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.td-normal-menu > ul.sub-menu{\r\n                  top: auto;\r\n                  left: 0;\r\n                  z-index: 99;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep{\r\n                  position: relative;\r\n                  vertical-align: middle;\r\n                  font-size: 14px;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep-svg{\r\n                  line-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep-svg svg{\r\n                  width: 14px;\r\n                  height: auto;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li:last-child .tdb-menu-sep{\r\n                  display: none;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-item-text{\r\n                  word-wrap: break-word;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-item-text,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-sub-menu-icon,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-more-subicon{\r\n                  vertical-align: middle;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-sub-menu-icon,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-more-subicon{\r\n                  position: relative;\r\n                  top: 0;\r\n                  padding-left: 0;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu{\r\n                  position: relative;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul{\r\n                  left: 0;\r\n                  padding: 15px 0;\r\n                  text-align: left;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul ul{\r\n                  margin-top: -15px;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item{\r\n                  position: relative;\r\n                  list-style-type: none;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a{\r\n                  position: relative;\r\n                  display: block;\r\n                  padding: 7px 30px;\r\n                  font-size: 12px;\r\n                  line-height: 20px;\r\n                  color: #111;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{\r\n                  position: absolute;\r\n                  top: 50%;\r\n                  -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n                  transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n                  right: 0;\r\n                  padding-right: inherit;\r\n                  font-size: 7px;\r\n                  line-height: 20px;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg{\r\n                  line-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg{\r\n                  width: 7px;\r\n                  height: auto;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon svg,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon svg *{\r\n                  fill: #000;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item:hover > ul,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.tdb-hover > ul{\r\n                  top: 0;\r\n                  display: block !important;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.current-menu-item > a,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.current-menu-ancestor > a,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.current-category-ancestor > a,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.current-page-ancestor > a,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.tdb-hover > a,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item:hover > a{\r\n                  color: var(--td_theme_color, #4db2ec);\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu > ul{\r\n                  left: -15px;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu ul,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .td-pulldown-filter-list{\r\n                  width: 100% !important;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu ul li,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .td-pulldown-filter-list li{\r\n                  display: inline-block;\r\n                  width: auto !important;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item{\r\n                  position: static;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu ul ul{\r\n                  margin-top: 0 !important;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu > ul{\r\n                  left: 0 !important;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{\r\n                  float: none;\r\n                  line-height: 1;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item:hover > ul,\r\n                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item.tdb-hover > ul{\r\n                  top: 100%;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{\r\n                  position: static;\r\n                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .td-pulldown-filter-list{\r\n                  left: 0 !important;\r\n                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu{\r\n                  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.3s ease;\r\n                  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;\r\n                  width: 1114px !important;\r\n                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu,\r\n                .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{\r\n                  position: absolute;\r\n                  left: 50%;\r\n                  -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n                  transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{\r\n                  top: 0;\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                  max-width: 1114px !important;\r\n                  height: auto;\r\n                  background-color: #fff;\r\n                  border: 1px solid #eaeaea;\r\n                  overflow: hidden;\r\n                }.tdc-dragged .tdb-block-menu ul{\r\n                  visibility: hidden !important;\r\n                  opacity: 0 !important;\r\n                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;\r\n                  transition: all 0.3s ease;\r\n                }.tdb-mm-align-screen .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu{\r\n                  -webkit-transform: translateX(0);\r\n                  transform: translateX(0);\r\n                }.tdb-mm-align-parent .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu{\r\n                  position: relative;\r\n                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .tdc-row:not([class*='stretch_row_']),\r\n                .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .tdc-row-composer:not([class*='stretch_row_']){\r\n                    width: auto !important;\r\n                    max-width: 1240px;\r\n                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu-page > .sub-menu > li .tdb-page-tpl-edit-btns{\r\n                    position: absolute;\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttop: 0;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tleft: 0;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: none;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tflex-wrap: wrap;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tgap: 0 4px;\r\n                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu-page > .sub-menu > li:hover .tdb-page-tpl-edit-btns{\r\n                    display: flex;\r\n                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu-page > .sub-menu > li .tdb-page-tpl-edit-btn{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #000;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tpadding: 1px 8px 2px;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 11px;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #fff;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tz-index: 100;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_7 .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep,\r\n                .tdi_7 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep{\r\n                    top: -1px;\r\n                }.tdi_7 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,\r\n                .tdi_7 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon{\r\n                    top: -1px;\r\n                }.tdi_7 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon{\r\n                    top: 0px;\r\n                }.tdi_7 .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,\r\n                .tdi_7 .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{\r\n                    right: 0;\r\n                \r\n                    margin-top: 1px;\r\n                }.tdi_7 .tdb-menu .tdb-normal-menu ul,\r\n                .tdi_7 .td-pulldown-filter-list,\r\n                .tdi_7 .td-pulldown-filter-list .sub-menu{\r\n                    box-shadow:  1px 1px 4px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\r\n                }.tdi_7 .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbox-shadow:  0px 2px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\r\n\t\t\t\t}@media (max-width: 1140px) {\r\n                  .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li {\r\n                    width: 100% !important;\r\n                  }\r\n                }\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_7 .tdb-menu > li > a:after,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_7 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .td-subcat-more:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color:     ;\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbottom: 0px;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div id=tdi_7 class=\"td_block_inner td-fix-index\"><div class=\"tdb-main-sub-icon-fake\"><i class=\"tdb-sub-menu-icon td-icon-down tdb-main-sub-menu-icon\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"tdb-sub-icon-fake\"><i class=\"tdb-sub-menu-icon td-icon-right-arrow\"><\/i><\/div><ul id=\"menu-wpml\" class=\"tdb-block-menu tdb-menu tdb-menu-items-visible\"><li id=\"menu-item-wpml-ls-138-ar\" class=\"menu-item wpml-ls-slot-138 wpml-ls-item wpml-ls-item-ar wpml-ls-menu-item wpml-ls-first-item menu-item-type-wpml_ls_menu_item menu-item-object-wpml_ls_menu_item tdb-cur-menu-item menu-item-first tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-wpml-ls-138-ar\"><a title=\"Switch to \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/\" aria-label=\"Switch to \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\"><div class=\"tdb-menu-item-text\"><span class=\"wpml-ls-native\" lang=\"ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-wpml-ls-138-fr\" class=\"menu-item wpml-ls-slot-138 wpml-ls-item wpml-ls-item-fr wpml-ls-menu-item menu-item-type-wpml_ls_menu_item menu-item-object-wpml_ls_menu_item tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-wpml-ls-138-fr\"><a title=\"Switch to Fran\u00e7ais\" href=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/fr\" aria-label=\"Switch to Fran\u00e7ais\"><div class=\"tdb-menu-item-text\"><span class=\"wpml-ls-native\" lang=\"fr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-wpml-ls-138-en\" class=\"menu-item wpml-ls-slot-138 wpml-ls-item wpml-ls-item-en wpml-ls-current-language wpml-ls-menu-item wpml-ls-last-item menu-item-type-wpml_ls_menu_item menu-item-object-wpml_ls_menu_item tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-wpml-ls-138-en\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\" aria-current=\"page\"><div class=\"tdb-menu-item-text\"><span class=\"wpml-ls-native\" lang=\"en\">English<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_wrap vc_raw_html tdi_11 \"><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><section class=\"nhrc-law\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n  <style>\n    .nhrc-law {\n      --ink: #101828;\n      --text: #344054;\n      --muted: #667085;\n      --blue: #1d4ed8;\n      --indigo: #4338ca;\n      --teal: #0f766e;\n      --green: #16a34a;\n      --amber: #f59e0b;\n      --red: #dc2626;\n      --purple: #7c3aed;\n      --card: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);\n      --border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);\n      font-family: Inter, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n      color: var(--text);\n      position: relative;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      border-radius: 30px;\n      padding: clamp(26px, 5vw, 72px) 18px;\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 12% 12%, rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.16), transparent 30%),\n        radial-gradient(circle at 88% 18%, rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.16), transparent 30%),\n        radial-gradient(circle at 75% 88%, rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.14), transparent 32%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #eef2ff 45%, #ecfeff 100%);\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-law * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n    .nhrc-law a {\n      color: var(--blue);\n      font-weight: 900;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.22);\n      transition: 0.25s ease;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-law a:hover {\n      color: var(--teal);\n      border-bottom-color: var(--amber);\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-wrap {\n      max-width: 1180px;\n      margin: 0 auto;\n      position: relative;\n      z-index: 1;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-hero {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: 1.12fr 0.88fr;\n      gap: 26px;\n      align-items: stretch;\n      margin-bottom: 26px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-panel,\n    .nhrc-card,\n    .nhrc-stat,\n    .nhrc-feature,\n    .nhrc-step,\n    .nhrc-power,\n    .nhrc-link-card {\n      background: var(--card);\n      border: 1px solid var(--border);\n      box-shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.12);\n      backdrop-filter: blur(14px);\n      -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px);\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-panel {\n      border-radius: 34px;\n      padding: clamp(28px, 4vw, 50px);\n      min-height: 410px;\n      position: relative;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-panel::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      inset-inline-start: -90px;\n      top: -90px;\n      width: 250px;\n      height: 250px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.18), rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.12));\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-kicker {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      gap: 10px;\n      background: #fff;\n      color: var(--teal);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.18);\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      padding: 9px 15px;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      font-weight: 950;\n      margin-bottom: 18px;\n      box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.10);\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-kicker span {\n      width: 10px;\n      height: 10px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--blue);\n      box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.12);\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-title {\n      margin: 0 0 18px;\n      color: var(--ink);\n      font-size: clamp(34px, 5.3vw, 64px);\n      line-height: 1.2;\n      font-weight: 950;\n      letter-spacing: -1px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-title mark {\n      color: inherit;\n      background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.36), rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.18));\n      border-radius: 16px;\n      padding: 0 10px 4px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-lead {\n      margin: 0;\n      color: #475467;\n      font-size: clamp(17px, 2vw, 21px);\n      line-height: 2;\n      max-width: 780px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-stat-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n      gap: 16px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-stat {\n      border-radius: 28px;\n      padding: 26px;\n      min-height: 160px;\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      justify-content: center;\n      position: relative;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-stat.dark {\n      background: linear-gradient(145deg, #111827, #1e3a8a 55%, #0f766e);\n      color: #fff;\n      border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.18);\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-stat strong {\n      display: block;\n      font-size: clamp(42px, 6vw, 78px);\n      line-height: 1;\n      font-weight: 950;\n      letter-spacing: -2px;\n      margin-bottom: 10px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-stat span {\n      display: block;\n      font-size: 17px;\n      line-height: 1.7;\n      font-weight: 850;\n      opacity: 0.88;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-card {\n      border-radius: 30px;\n      padding: clamp(24px, 4vw, 42px);\n      margin-bottom: 26px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-card h2 {\n      margin: 0 0 16px;\n      color: var(--ink);\n      font-size: clamp(24px, 3vw, 34px);\n      line-height: 1.4;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-card p {\n      margin: 0 0 18px;\n      font-size: 17px;\n      line-height: 2.05;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-quote {\n      margin: 26px 0;\n      padding: 26px;\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.10), rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.12));\n      border-inline-start: 7px solid var(--teal);\n      color: var(--ink);\n      font-size: clamp(19px, 2.4vw, 26px);\n      line-height: 1.8;\n      font-weight: 950;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-features {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 16px;\n      margin-top: 24px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-feature {\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      padding: 22px;\n      min-height: 220px;\n      transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-feature:hover,\n    .nhrc-step:hover,\n    .nhrc-power:hover,\n    .nhrc-link-card:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-5px);\n      box-shadow: 0 26px 60px rgba(16,24,40,0.14);\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-icon {\n      width: 56px;\n      height: 56px;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      border-radius: 20px;\n      color: #fff;\n      font-size: 27px;\n      font-weight: 950;\n      margin-bottom: 16px;\n      box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(16,24,40,0.14);\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-blue { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--blue), #38bdf8); }\n    .nhrc-teal { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--teal), #22c55e); }\n    .nhrc-amber { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--amber), #f97316); }\n    .nhrc-purple { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--purple), #ec4899); }\n    .nhrc-red { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--red), #fb7185); }\n    .nhrc-green { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--green), #84cc16); }\n\n    .nhrc-feature h3,\n    .nhrc-step h3,\n    .nhrc-power h3,\n    .nhrc-link-card h3 {\n      margin: 0 0 8px;\n      color: var(--ink);\n      font-size: 18px;\n      line-height: 1.5;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-feature p,\n    .nhrc-step p,\n    .nhrc-power p {\n      margin: 0;\n      color: var(--muted);\n      font-size: 15px;\n      line-height: 1.85;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-composition {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 18px;\n      margin-top: 24px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-box {\n      background: #fff;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(16,24,40,0.08);\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      padding: 24px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-box h3 {\n      margin: 0 0 10px;\n      color: var(--ink);\n      font-size: 20px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-list {\n      margin: 0;\n      padding: 0;\n      list-style: none;\n      display: grid;\n      gap: 10px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-list li {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;\n      gap: 10px;\n      align-items: start;\n      font-size: 15px;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n      color: #475467;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-list li::before {\n      content: \"\u2713\";\n      width: 24px;\n      height: 24px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      background: rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.12);\n      color: var(--green);\n      font-weight: 950;\n      margin-top: 3px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-steps {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 16px;\n      margin-top: 24px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-step {\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      padding: 22px;\n      min-height: 230px;\n      position: relative;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-number {\n      display: inline-grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      min-width: 52px;\n      height: 52px;\n      border-radius: 18px;\n      background: #fff;\n      color: var(--blue);\n      font-size: 22px;\n      font-weight: 950;\n      margin-bottom: 16px;\n      box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(29,78,216,0.10);\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-powers {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 18px;\n      margin-top: 24px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-power {\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      padding: 24px;\n      min-height: 260px;\n      position: relative;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-alert {\n      margin-top: 24px;\n      border-radius: 26px;\n      padding: 26px;\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.10), rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.12));\n      border: 1px solid rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.16);\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;\n      gap: 18px;\n      align-items: start;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-alert-icon {\n      width: 58px;\n      height: 58px;\n      border-radius: 20px;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      background: #fff;\n      color: var(--red);\n      font-size: 28px;\n      font-weight: 950;\n      box-shadow: 0 16px 35px rgba(220,38,38,0.12);\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-alert h3 {\n      margin: 0 0 10px;\n      color: var(--ink);\n      font-size: 24px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-alert p {\n      margin: 0;\n      color: #475467;\n      font-size: 16px;\n      line-height: 1.95;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-links {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 18px;\n      margin-top: 24px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-link-card {\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      padding: 24px;\n      min-height: 220px;\n      transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-link-card p {\n      margin: 0;\n      color: var(--muted);\n      font-size: 15px;\n      line-height: 1.85;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-footer {\n      margin-top: 26px;\n      border-radius: 30px;\n      padding: 30px;\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #111827, #1e3a8a 50%, #0f766e);\n      color: #fff;\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: space-between;\n      gap: 20px;\n      box-shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(16,24,40,0.18);\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-footer strong {\n      display: block;\n      font-size: clamp(22px, 3vw, 32px);\n      line-height: 1.5;\n      margin-bottom: 6px;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-footer span {\n      color: rgba(255,255,255,0.82);\n      font-size: 16px;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n    }\n\n    .nhrc-cta {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      min-height: 48px;\n      padding: 12px 18px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: #fff;\n      color: #1e3a8a !important;\n      border: 0 !important;\n      font-weight: 950;\n      box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);\n      white-space: nowrap;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 1080px) {\n      .nhrc-hero,\n      .nhrc-features,\n      .nhrc-steps,\n      .nhrc-powers,\n      .nhrc-links {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n      }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 780px) {\n      .nhrc-hero,\n      .nhrc-features,\n      .nhrc-composition,\n      .nhrc-steps,\n      .nhrc-powers,\n      .nhrc-links {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n      }\n\n      .nhrc-alert {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n      }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 560px) {\n      .nhrc-law { padding: 20px 12px; border-radius: 22px; }\n      .nhrc-panel,\n      .nhrc-card,\n      .nhrc-stat,\n      .nhrc-feature,\n      .nhrc-step,\n      .nhrc-power,\n      .nhrc-link-card,\n      .nhrc-footer { border-radius: 22px; }\n      .nhrc-title { letter-spacing: 0; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <div class=\"nhrc-wrap\">\n    <div class=\"nhrc-hero\">\n      <header class=\"nhrc-panel\">\n        <div class=\"nhrc-kicker\"><span><\/span> Law No. 62\/2016<\/div>\n        <h1 class=\"nhrc-title\">National Human Rights Institution <mark>Including the Committee for the Prevention of Torture<\/mark><\/h1>\n        <p class=\"nhrc-lead\">\n          Law No. 62\/2016 established an independent national institution to protect and promote human rights in Lebanon. It enjoys legal personality and administrative and financial independence and includes a permanent Committee for the Prevention of Torture serving as the National Preventive Mechanism under the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/header>\n\n      <aside class=\"nhrc-stat-grid\" aria-label=\"Key figures under the law\">\n        <div class=\"nhrc-stat dark\">\n          <strong>10<\/strong>\n          <span>Members of the National Human Rights Institution<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"nhrc-stat\">\n          <strong>5<\/strong>\n          <span>Members constituting the Committee for the Prevention of Torture<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"nhrc-stat\">\n          <strong>6<\/strong>\n          <span>Years of office, non-renewable<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/aside>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <article class=\"nhrc-card\">\n      <h2>Establishment and Independence<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        The law establishes an independent body called the \u201cNational Human Rights Institution\u201d, which enjoys legal personality and administrative and financial independence. It includes a permanent body called the \u201cCommittee for the Prevention of Torture\u201d. Members, staff and affiliates of both bodies perform their duties with complete independence from any other authority. The Committee also carries out its functions and issues its reports without interference from the Institution.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"nhrc-quote\">\n        Under no circumstances may the executive authority suspend or halt the Institution\u2019s work, including during emergencies or wars.\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"nhrc-features\">\n        <section class=\"nhrc-feature\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-blue\">\u2696<\/div>\n          <h3>Legal Independence<\/h3>\n          <p>The Institution enjoys legal personality and administrative and financial independence and performs its functions free from interference.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-feature\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-teal\">\ud83d\udee1<\/div>\n          <h3>Immunities and Safeguards<\/h3>\n          <p>Criminal measures may not be taken against members or staff for matters related to their work except in accordance with prescribed procedures.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-feature\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-amber\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/div>\n          <h3>Public Reports<\/h3>\n          <p>The Institution and Committee prepare unified annual reports covering their programmes, achievements and challenges.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-feature\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-purple\">\ud83c\udf10<\/div>\n          <h3>International Engagement<\/h3>\n          <p>The Institution may communicate independently with international and national bodies concerned with human rights.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/article>\n\n    <section class=\"nhrc-card\">\n      <h2>Composition and Membership Requirements<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        The Institution consists of ten members, five of whom also serve on the Committee for the Prevention of Torture. They are appointed by decree adopted by the Council of Ministers for a non-renewable six-year term from lists proposed by judicial, professional, academic and human rights bodies.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"nhrc-composition\">\n        <div class=\"nhrc-box\">\n          <h3>Nominating Bodies and Fields<\/h3>\n          <ul class=\"nhrc-list\">\n            <li>Former judges nominated by the Higher Judicial Council.<\/li>\n            <li>Experts in criminal law, human rights law or public law.<\/li>\n            <li>Experts in international humanitarian law.<\/li>\n            <li>Specialists in psychiatry and forensic medicine.<\/li>\n            <li>A university professor specializing in human rights or public freedoms.<\/li>\n            <li>Representatives of the press, editors and human rights civil society.<\/li>\n          <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"nhrc-box\">\n          <h3>Eligibility Requirements<\/h3>\n          <ul class=\"nhrc-list\">\n            <li>The candidate must have been Lebanese for at least ten years and enjoy full civil rights.<\/li>\n            <li>The candidate must be at least 35 years of age.<\/li>\n            <li>The candidate must have at least ten years of relevant professional experience.<\/li>\n            <li>The candidate must be of high moral character and must not have been convicted of a felony or dishonourable misdemeanour.<\/li>\n            <li>Gender representation must be considered when selecting members.<\/li>\n          <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <section class=\"nhrc-card\">\n      <h2>Functions of the National Human Rights Institution<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        The Institution works to protect and promote human rights in Lebanon in accordance with the Lebanese Constitution, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international conventions and treaties, and Lebanese laws consistent with these standards.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"nhrc-powers\">\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-blue\">\ud83d\udc41<\/div>\n          <h3>Monitoring and Documentation<\/h3>\n          <p>Monitoring Lebanon\u2019s compliance with human rights and international humanitarian law and documenting violations, particularly during armed conflicts.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-teal\">\ud83d\udcdd<\/div>\n          <h3>Reporting<\/h3>\n          <p>Preparing and publishing general, special or periodic reports and contributing independently to reports required from the Lebanese State.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-purple\">\ud83d\udcac<\/div>\n          <h3>Advisory Opinions<\/h3>\n          <p>Expressing opinions on legislation, decrees, decisions, draft measures and public policies from a human rights perspective.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-amber\">\ud83d\udce5<\/div>\n          <h3>Receiving Complaints<\/h3>\n          <p>Receiving complaints and notifications concerning human rights violations and contributing to their resolution through mediation or litigation.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-green\">\ud83c\udf93<\/div>\n          <h3>Human Rights Education<\/h3>\n          <p>Promoting a culture of human rights and international humanitarian law and supporting education, training and awareness programmes.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-red\">\ud83d\udeab<\/div>\n          <h3>Combating Impunity<\/h3>\n          <p>Following up on violations of human rights and international humanitarian law through all available means to help end impunity.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <section class=\"nhrc-card\">\n      <h2>Complaints and Notifications Procedure<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        The Institution receives complaints and notifications concerning human rights violations in Lebanon from any natural or legal person, whether Lebanese or non-Lebanese. It may investigate the relevant facts and evidence and contribute to resolving the matter.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"nhrc-steps\">\n        <div class=\"nhrc-step\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-number\">1<\/div>\n          <h3>Submitting a Complaint<\/h3>\n          <p>A complaint or notification is submitted under the internal regulations, with safeguards for its seriousness, the complainant\u2019s safety and confidentiality.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"nhrc-step\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-number\">2<\/div>\n          <h3>Appointment of a Rapporteur<\/h3>\n          <p>The Institution appoints one or more rapporteurs to conduct inquiries, collect information and supervise the case.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"nhrc-step\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-number\">3<\/div>\n          <h3>Investigation and Cooperation<\/h3>\n          <p>Executive, administrative and judicial authorities, and all relevant bodies, must cooperate with the rapporteur upon request.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"nhrc-step\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-number\">4<\/div>\n          <h3>Resolution or Referral<\/h3>\n          <p>The Institution may close the file, seek a mediated settlement, refer the matter to the Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office or assist the complainant before the competent authorities.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"nhrc-alert\">\n        <div class=\"nhrc-alert-icon\">!<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <h3>Protection of the Complainant\u2019s or Informant\u2019s Identity<\/h3>\n          <p>\n            Neither the Institution nor any of its members or staff may disclose the name or identity of a complainant or informant without their prior written consent, even after the case has reached the competent judicial or disciplinary bodies.\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <section class=\"nhrc-card\">\n      <h2>Committee for the Prevention of Torture<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        The Committee works within the Institution to protect the rights of detained persons and others deprived of their liberty, in accordance with the law and Lebanon\u2019s obligations under the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture. It serves as the National Preventive Mechanism and enjoys independent legal personality in all matters concerning torture and its prevention.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"nhrc-powers\">\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-red\">\ud83d\udeaa<\/div>\n          <h3>Access to Places of Detention<\/h3>\n          <p>The Committee has unrestricted authority to enter and visit all places, premises and facilities where persons are deprived of liberty in Lebanon.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-blue\">\u23f1<\/div>\n          <h3>Unannounced Visits<\/h3>\n          <p>It may conduct periodic or unannounced visits at any time without prior notice or administrative or judicial authorization.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-teal\">\ud83d\udde3<\/div>\n          <h3>Confidential Interviews<\/h3>\n          <p>It may conduct collective or private interviews with persons deprived of liberty, away from any supervision.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-purple\">\ud83d\udcda<\/div>\n          <h3>Access to Information<\/h3>\n          <p>It may obtain information on places of detention, detainees\u2019 identities, detention locations and periods, and the legal grounds for detention.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-amber\">\u2695<\/div>\n          <h3>Medical Examination<\/h3>\n          <p>It may receive complaints and interview requests and conduct medical examinations whenever necessary.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"nhrc-power\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-green\">\ud83d\udccc<\/div>\n          <h3>Recommendations and Improved Conditions<\/h3>\n          <p>It may issue observations, recommendations and proposals to improve detention conditions and prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.<\/p>\n        <\/section>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <section class=\"nhrc-card\">\n      <h2>Places of Deprivation of Liberty<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        Places of deprivation of liberty include, but are not limited to, prisons, detention facilities, police stations, holding cells, juvenile centres and institutions, ports, airports, hospitals and psychiatric institutions where persons are or may be deprived of their liberty.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"nhrc-links\">\n        <div class=\"nhrc-link-card\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-blue\">\ud83c\udfdb<\/div>\n          <h3>Prisons and Detention Facilities<\/h3>\n          <p>These include prisons, holding cells, police stations and any other location used to detain or hold persons.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"nhrc-link-card\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-teal\">\ud83e\uddd2<\/div>\n          <h3>Juvenile Centres and Institutions<\/h3>\n          <p>These include juvenile centres and institutions and other locations where persons may be deprived of their liberty.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"nhrc-link-card\">\n          <div class=\"nhrc-icon nhrc-red\">\ud83c\udfe5<\/div>\n          <h3>Hospitals and Psychiatric Institutions<\/h3>\n          <p>These include health and psychiatric institutions containing persons who are not permitted to leave at will.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <section class=\"nhrc-card\">\n      <h2>Administrative and Financial Independence<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        The Institution enjoys administrative and financial independence and is subject to the Court of Audit\u2019s ex-post oversight. It has a separate and adequate annual budget covering its expenses and activities, included in the state budget under a special section for independent national institutions established by law.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"nhrc-composition\">\n        <div class=\"nhrc-box\">\n          <h3>Sources of Revenue<\/h3>\n          <ul class=\"nhrc-list\">\n            <li>Appropriations allocated in the state budget.<\/li>\n            <li>Donations, grants and local or international financial support.<\/li>\n            <li>Other resources compatible with the Institution\u2019s independence and applicable laws.<\/li>\n          <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"nhrc-box\">\n          <h3>Oversight and Auditing<\/h3>\n          <ul class=\"nhrc-list\">\n            <li>Ex-post oversight by the Court of Audit.<\/li>\n            <li>A dedicated account at Banque du Liban.<\/li>\n            <li>Internal auditing and independent audits by accounting and audit firms.<\/li>\n          <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <footer class=\"nhrc-footer\">\n      <div>\n        <strong>An independent institution protecting dignity and rights.<\/strong>\n        <span>Law No. 62\/2016 gives the Institution and the Committee for the Prevention of Torture broad mandates covering monitoring, complaints, awareness-raising, visits to places of detention and combating impunity.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <a class=\"nhrc-cta\" href=\"#\" aria-label=\"Return to the top of the page\">Back to top<\/a>\n    <\/footer>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_wrap vc_raw_html tdi_13 \"><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><!doctype html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n  <meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n  <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\">\n  <meta name=\"description\" content=\"English translation of Lebanon's Law No. 62 of 2016 establishing the National Human Rights Commission, including the Committee for the Prevention of Torture.\">\n  <title>Law No. 62 of 2016<\/title>\n  <style>\n    :root {\n      color-scheme: light;\n      --text: #1f2937;\n      --muted: #667085;\n      --accent: #8b1e2d;\n      --line: #e5e7eb;\n      --soft: #f8fafc;\n    }\n\n    * { box-sizing: border-box; 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}\n      a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }\n      h1, h2 { break-after: avoid; }\n      p, li, blockquote, table { break-inside: avoid; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n  <main>\n<h1\nid=\"establishment-of-the-national-human-rights-commission-including-the-committee-for-the-prevention-of-torture\">Establishment\nof the National Human Rights Commission, Including the Committee for the\nPrevention of Torture<\/h1>\n<p><strong>Number of articles:<\/strong> 32<br \/>\n<strong>Text identification:<\/strong> Law No. 62 of 27 October\n2016<br \/>\n<strong>Official Gazette:<\/strong> No. 52 | <strong>Publication\ndate:<\/strong> 3 November 2016 | <strong>Pages:<\/strong> 3303\u20133310<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"table-of-contents\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Part One: Establishment and Organization of the Commission and the\nCommittee<\/li>\n<li>Part Two: Organization of the Commission<\/li>\n<li>Part Three: Functions and Powers of the Commission and the Committee\n<ul>\n<li>Section One: Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting<\/li>\n<li>Section Two: Receiving Complaints and Contributing to Their\nResolution<\/li>\n<li>Section Three: Contributing to and Developing Human Rights\nEducation<\/li>\n<li>Section Four: Functions and Powers of the Committee for the\nPrevention of Torture<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>Part Four: Finances and Budget of the Commission<\/li>\n<li>Part Five: Final Provisions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"explanatory-memorandum\">Explanatory Memorandum<\/h2>\n<p>The Preamble to the Lebanese Constitution affirms Lebanon\u2019s\ncommitment to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and to embodying\nits principles and all the rights and duties it sets forth. The\npromotion and protection of human rights therefore lie at the heart of\nthe constitutional values enshrined in Lebanon.<\/p>\n<p>Lebanon has committed itself to the Charter of the United Nations and\nits resolutions, particularly General Assembly Resolution 48\/134 of 1993\nconcerning the establishment of national institutions for the promotion\nand protection of human rights, known as the \u201cParis Principles.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Lebanon has also committed itself to establishing a national\npreventive mechanism against torture pursuant to its international\nobligations following its accession in 2008 to the Optional Protocol to\nthe Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading\nTreatment or Punishment.<\/p>\n<p>This was followed by Lebanon\u2019s pledge before the Human Rights\nCouncil, within the framework of the Universal Periodic Review in\nNovember 2010, to establish a national commission concerned with the\nprotection and promotion of human rights.<\/p>\n<p>The draft National Human Rights Action Plan likewise affirmed the\nestablishment of an independent national human rights commission in\naccordance with the Paris Principles, as an expression of commitment to\nthe rule of law, a state of institutions, and public freedoms, which\nform the basis of the Lebanese Republic.<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly, and in full coordination with the Ministry of Justice,\nnumerous civil society organizations and a number of international human\nrights organizations, including the Office of the United Nations High\nCommissioner for Human Rights, this proposal was prepared. It provides\nfor the establishment of a National Human Rights Commission that\nincludes an independent national mechanism for the prevention of\ntorture.<\/p>\n<p>The proposed Commission contains guarantees enabling it to develop\nand promote human rights and the rule of law at the national level, so\nthat the advancement of human rights in Lebanon stems from a domestic\nwill reflected by the Lebanese legislature. The Commission is\nindependent, has legal personality, and enjoys financial and\nadministrative independence in carrying out its work. It monitors the\nhuman rights situation in Lebanon; provides opinions on draft laws and\nlegislative proposals to ensure their conformity with human rights; and\nreceives individual complaints and mediates with the authorities to\nensure respect for the rights of individuals and groups. The Commission\nis also empowered to investigate violations of international\nhumanitarian law, enabling it to investigate Israeli violations against\nthe Lebanese people and territory during its wars of aggression. The\nCommission may encourage Lebanon to fulfil its international obligations\nunder the international human rights agreements to which it is a party.\nIt may also make independent contributions to the relevant bodies,\nreflecting Lebanon\u2019s progressive standing as a pioneer in the field of\nhuman rights.<\/p>\n<p>In keeping with Lebanon\u2019s international obligations following its\naccession to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and\nOther Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Committee\nfor the Prevention of Torture, within the Commission, has been granted\nindependent powers to visit places of detention and prisons in Lebanon\nin order to ensure respect for the rights of detainees and prisoners in\naccordance with Lebanese law and international human rights law.<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly, we submit this proposed law to the esteemed Parliament,\nhoping that it will be adopted.<\/p>\n<p><a\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.legallaw.ul.edu.lb\/parliament\/P22\/2016\/P2016N22\/008.html\">The\nChamber of Deputies adopted<\/a>, and the Council of Ministers, pursuant\nto Article 62 of the Constitution, promulgates the following Law:<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"promulgation-article-1\">Promulgation Article 1<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Sole Article:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The proposed law aimed at establishing the National Human Rights\nCommission, including the Committee for the Prevention of Torture, as\namended by the Administration and Justice Committee and the Chamber of\nDeputies, is hereby approved.<\/li>\n<li>This Law shall enter into force immediately upon its publication in\nthe Official Gazette.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1\nid=\"part-one-establishment-and-organization-of-the-commission-and-the-committee\">Part\nOne: Establishment and Organization of the Commission and the\nCommittee<\/h1>\n<h2 id=\"article-1\">Article 1<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Establishment of the National Human Rights Commission,\nIncluding the Committee for the Prevention of Torture<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. An independent body named the \u201cNational Human Rights Commission\u201d\n(hereinafter referred to in this Law as the \u201cCommission\u201d) is hereby\nestablished. It shall have legal personality and administrative and\nfinancial independence.<\/p>\n<p>B. The Commission shall include a standing committee called the\n\u201cCommittee for the Prevention of Torture\u201d (hereinafter referred to in\nthis Law as the \u201cCommittee\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>C. The members of the Commission and the Committee for the Prevention\nof Torture, as well as their staff and personnel, shall perform their\nduties with complete independence from any other authority, within the\nframework of this Law. The Committee shall also perform its functions\nand prepare its reports without interference by the Commission.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"part-two-organization-of-the-commission\">Part Two: Organization\nof the Commission<\/h1>\n<h2 id=\"article-2\">Article 2<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Composition of the Commission<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. The Commission shall consist of ten members, five of whom shall be\nmembers of the National Committee for the Prevention of Torture. All\nmembers shall be appointed by decree issued pursuant to a decision of\nthe Council of Ministers for a non-renewable term of six years, from\nlists proposed by the following bodies:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>One member selected from among six former judges nominated by the\nHigh Judicial Council.<\/li>\n<li>One member selected from among six persons with expertise in\ncriminal law, human rights law or public law, nominated equally by the\nBeirut and Tripoli Bar Associations.<\/li>\n<li>One member selected from among six persons with expertise in\ninternational humanitarian law, nominated equally by the Beirut and\nTripoli Bar Associations.<\/li>\n<li>Two members selected from among six specialists, one in psychiatry\nand the other in forensic medicine, nominated equally by the Beirut and\nTripoli Medical Associations.<\/li>\n<li>One university professor selected from among three specialists in\nhuman rights or public freedoms nominated by the Council of Deans of the\nLebanese University.<\/li>\n<li>One member selected from among four nominees put forward by the\nPress Syndicate and the Editors\u2019 Syndicate.<\/li>\n<li>Three members selected from among twelve human rights activists\nnominated by the Parliamentary Human Rights Committee, on the basis of\nnominations submitted by civil society organizations working in the\nfield of human rights, provided that each candidate is endorsed by at\nleast three Lebanese associations.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The bodies specified above shall submit their first nominations\nwithin three months of the publication of this Law in the Official\nGazette; otherwise, the Parliamentary Human Rights Committee shall\nreplace them for this purpose.<\/p>\n<p>Members shall exercise their functions in their personal capacity and\nwith complete independence and shall not be bound by instructions from\nany authority.<\/p>\n<p>B. Members of the Commission shall continue to exercise their\nfunctions after the expiry of their term until their successors are\nappointed and take the legal oath.<\/p>\n<p>C. The Council of Ministers shall appoint the members within three\nmonths from the date on which the names are referred to it.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-3\">Article 3<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Eligibility Requirements for Membership<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A candidate shall meet the following conditions:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>Be Lebanese for at least ten years, enjoy civil rights, have no\nconviction for a felony or an offence involving moral turpitude, and be\nof high moral character.<\/li>\n<li>Be at least 35 years of age.<\/li>\n<li>Have at least ten years of experience in their field of\nspecialization.<\/li>\n<li>Representation of both sexes shall be taken into account when\nselecting members.<\/li>\n<li>Candidates\u2019 files shall be deposited with the General Secretariat of\nthe Presidency of the Council of Ministers.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"article-4\">Article 4<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Full-time Service and Incompatibilities<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. Members shall devote themselves full-time to their work at the\nCommission and shall be prohibited from engaging in any other work\nduring their term.<\/p>\n<p>B. Membership of the Commission may not be combined with the\npresidency or membership of the Council of Ministers or the Chamber of\nDeputies; the chairmanship or membership of the board of a public\ninstitution; the office of municipal council president; a\npolitical-party leadership position; or membership of the boards of\ntrade unions or of the bodies that nominate members.<\/p>\n<p>C. A member may not, before two full years have elapsed from the end\nof their membership, stand for parliamentary, municipal or mukhtar\nelections, or assume any political or administrative public office.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-5\">Article 5<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Oath<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Members of the Commission shall take the following oath before the\nPresident of the Republic:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201cI swear by Almighty God that I shall perform my duties in the\nNational Human Rights Commission with honesty, dedication and\nindependence, and that in all my actions I shall conduct myself in a\nmanner that inspires confidence and demonstrates commitment to the rule\nof law and to the protection and promotion of human rights.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"article-6\">Article 6<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Election of the President and Officers of the\nCommission<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. After taking the oath, the members shall meet at the invitation of\nthe oldest member or at the request of three members. By secret ballot,\nthey shall elect from among the members who are not members of the\nCommittee a president, a secretary and a treasurer for a non-renewable\nsix-year term.<\/p>\n<p>B. The members of the Committee shall meet and elect a chairperson\nfrom among themselves, who shall ex officio serve as Vice-President of\nthe Commission.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-7\">Article 7<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Internal Regulations and Code of Ethics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. Within two months of taking the oath, the first members of the\nCommission shall, by a two-thirds majority, draw up internal and\nfinancial regulations setting out the detailed rules and procedures\ngoverning its organization and operation. These regulations shall be\napproved by decree issued by the Council of Ministers.<\/p>\n<p>B. In accordance with the procedures specified above, the Commission\nshall adopt its own code of ethics, binding upon all its members, staff\nand employees, representatives of associations, and all other persons\ncooperating with it in carrying out its functions.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-8\">Article 8<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Vacancy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If a membership position becomes vacant for any reason more than one\nyear before the end of the term, the Commission shall declare the\nvacancy, and its President shall notify the Council of Ministers and the\nbody concerned with proposing the nomination within one week. The\nCouncil of Ministers shall appoint a replacement within three months of\nbeing notified, in accordance with Article 2 of this Law.<\/p>\n<p>The replacement shall complete the remainder of the term.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-9\">Article 9<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Immunity of Members<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. Except in cases of flagrante delicto involving a felony, no\ncriminal proceedings may be instituted against a member of the\nCommission, nor may any criminal measure, including arrest, be taken\nagainst them during their term without the Commission\u2019s authorization\nand after hearing the member concerned, who shall not participate in the\nvote.<\/p>\n<p>The Commission shall issue its decision within two weeks of receiving\nthe request from the competent judicial authority to lift immunity;\notherwise, authorization shall be deemed implicitly granted.<\/p>\n<p>B. No criminal proceedings may be instituted against any Commission\nemployee or person delegated by it, nor may any criminal measure,\nincluding arrest, be taken against them during their service with the\nCommission for acts connected with that service, without prior\nauthorization from the Commission.<\/p>\n<p>The Commission shall issue its decision within two weeks of receiving\nthe request from the competent judicial authority to lift immunity;\notherwise, authorization shall be deemed implicitly granted.<\/p>\n<p>C. The Commission\u2019s offices may not be searched, nor may any judicial\nor administrative measure be taken concerning them, without its\nconsent.<\/p>\n<p>The executive authority may not decide to suspend or halt the work of\nthe Commission under any circumstances, including states of emergency\nand war.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-10\">Article 10<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Non-Dismissal of Members<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. No member of the Commission may be dismissed except in the\nfollowing cases:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>If their physical or mental condition prevents them from performing\ntheir duties.<\/li>\n<li>If they are convicted by a final judgment of a felony or an offence\ninvolving moral turpitude, provided that their membership shall be\nautomatically suspended immediately upon the issuance of an indictment\nor any judgment against them for the aforementioned offences.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>B. A decision to dismiss a member shall be taken by a two-thirds\nmajority of the Commission, and notice of the decision shall be sent to\nthe person concerned within three days of its issuance.<\/p>\n<p>C. Dismissal decisions may be challenged before the Council of State\nwithin two months of notification of the decision.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-11\">Article 11<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Meetings of the Commission and the Committee<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Commission and the Committee shall each meet at least once a\nmonth, or whenever necessary, at the invitation of their respective\nPresident or Chairperson. A meeting of either body shall be legally\nconstituted when at least an absolute majority of its members is\npresent. Each body shall take its decisions by a relative majority.<\/p>\n<p>A member who is absent from three consecutive meetings shall be\ndeemed to have resigned automatically.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-12\">Article 12<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Committees of the Commission<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In addition to the Committee established under this Law, the\nCommission may establish committees composed of its members to perform\npermanent or specific tasks, as provided in its internal\nregulations.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-13\">Article 13<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Employment and Contracting<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. The Commission shall be assisted by an administrative staff headed\nby a full-time Executive Director. The Committee shall also be assisted\nby its own administrative staff headed by an Executive Director.<\/p>\n<p>B. Appointment procedures and duties shall be specified in the\ninternal regulations.<\/p>\n<p>C. The administrative staff shall be subject to the internal\nregulations.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-14\">Article 14<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Requests for Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Commission and the Committee may communicate with Lebanese or\nforeign authorities and bodies and request that they provide any\ndocuments or information deemed useful for the proper performance of\ntheir functions. The Lebanese authorities and bodies concerned shall\nrespond to such requests without delay.<\/p>\n<h1\nid=\"part-three-functions-and-powers-of-the-commission-and-the-committee\">Part\nThree: Functions and Powers of the Commission and the Committee<\/h1>\n<h2 id=\"article-15\">Article 15<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Definition of the Functions of the Commission and the\nCommittee<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. The Commission shall work to protect and promote human rights in\nLebanon in accordance with the standards set forth in the Lebanese\nConstitution, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international\nhuman rights conventions and treaties, and Lebanese laws consistent with\nthose standards, in addition to carrying out the specific functions\nprescribed by this Law. For this purpose, it may communicate\nindependently with international and domestic bodies concerned with\nhuman rights.<\/p>\n<p>B. In particular, the Commission shall be entrusted with the\nfollowing functions:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>Monitoring Lebanon\u2019s compliance with human rights and international\nhumanitarian law, and preparing and publishing special or periodic\nreports thereon.<\/li>\n<li>Contributing independently to reports that the Lebanese State is\nrequired to submit.<\/li>\n<li>Providing opinions on all matters referred to it by the competent\nauthorities, or on matters it addresses on its own initiative, with\nrespect to compliance with human rights standards. On its own\ninitiative, it may express opinions on all legislation, decrees and\ndecisions, including drafts thereof, and on relevant policies.<\/li>\n<li>Receiving complaints and reports concerning human rights violations\nand contributing to their resolution through negotiation, mediation or\nlitigation.<\/li>\n<li>Contributing to the dissemination of a human rights culture and\npromoting the implementation and development of human rights education\nprogrammes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>C. Within the Commission, the Committee for the Prevention of Torture\nshall work to protect the rights of persons detained and deprived of\ntheir liberty in accordance with this Law and Lebanon\u2019s obligations\nunder the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other\nCruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (hereinafter\nreferred to in this Law as the \u201cConvention against Torture\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>For the purposes of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against\nTorture, the Committee shall perform the functions of the National\nPreventive Mechanism in order to protect the rights of persons detained\nand deprived of their liberty. It shall enjoy independent legal\npersonality in all matters relating to torture and its prevention.<\/p>\n<p>D. The Commission and the Committee shall each, within its respective\ncompetence, prepare a report that shall be combined into a unified\nreport setting out their annual programme, achievements and the\ndifficulties they encountered. The Commission shall submit the unified\nreport to the Presidency of the Republic, the Presidency of the Chamber\nof Deputies, the Presidency of the Council of Ministers and the\nPresident of the High Judicial Council. It shall be published in the\nOfficial Gazette, and the Chamber of Deputies may discuss it.<\/p>\n<p>The report shall avoid including any personal or detailed information\nthat reveals the identity of victims or witnesses without their\nconsent.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section-one-monitoring-evaluation-and-reporting\">Section One:\nMonitoring, Evaluation and Reporting<\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"article-16\">Article 16<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Monitoring, Evaluation and Preparation of\nReports<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. The Commission shall monitor and evaluate the human rights and\ninternational humanitarian law situation in Lebanon and shall prepare\nand publish, as appropriate, special or periodic reports thereon. It may\nundertake, by way of example and without limitation, the following\nactivities:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>Monitor and evaluate laws, all decrees and administrative decisions,\nand the acts and omissions of all public authorities\u2014central and\ndecentralized\u2014and of bodies providing a public service or serving a\npublic benefit, and assess them against human rights standards.<\/li>\n<li>Monitor and document violations of human rights and international\nhumanitarian law throughout periods of armed conflict and pursue, by all\navailable means, efforts to end impunity.<\/li>\n<li>Prepare general reports and special reports on specific cases of\nviolations, including recommendations.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The Commission shall seek to organize dialogues on its reports with\nthe authorities concerned, relevant bodies, citizens and the media.<\/p>\n<p>B. The Commission shall provide independent advice during the\npreparation of reports that the Lebanese State is required to submit\nunder international or regional agreements, propose independent\nrecommendations concerning them, and follow up their implementation in\ncooperation with all relevant authorities, institutions and bodies. The\nCommission may urge the relevant administrations to submit required\nreports within the prescribed deadlines and in accordance with the\napplicable procedures.<\/p>\n<h2\nid=\"section-two-receiving-complaints-and-contributing-to-their-resolution\">Section\nTwo: Receiving Complaints and Contributing to Their Resolution<\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"article-17\">Article 17<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Receiving Complaints and Contributing to Their\nResolution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Commission shall receive reports and complaints concerning human\nrights violations in Lebanon from any natural or legal person, whether\nLebanese or non-Lebanese. It may investigate the related facts and\nevidence and contribute to resolving them.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-18\">Article 18<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Procedures for Submitting Reports and Complaints<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. The Commission shall set out in its internal regulations the\ndetails, procedures and conditions for submitting complaints and reports\nin a manner that ensures the seriousness of the complaint or report, the\nsafety of the complainant or informant, and the confidentiality of\ncorrespondence where appropriate.<\/p>\n<p>B. Neither the Commission nor any of its members or employees may\ndisclose the name or identity of a complainant or informant in that\ncapacity without their prior written consent, even after the matter has\nreached the competent judicial or disciplinary authorities.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-19\">Article 19<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Investigation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. Immediately upon receiving a complaint or report, the Commission\nshall assign one or more of its members as rapporteur to conduct and\nsupervise the investigation and complete the reported information by all\navailable means.<\/p>\n<p>B. The rapporteur may personally collect all available information,\nand all competent executive, administrative and judicial authorities and\nall other bodies shall cooperate upon request.<\/p>\n<p>If the authorities concerned fail to cooperate within a maximum of\ntwo weeks from the date of notification, the rapporteur may refer the\nmatter to the competent bodies for appropriate action.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-20\">Article 20<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Measures Following an Investigation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In light of the investigation\u2019s findings, the Commission shall decide\nwhether to close the complaint file; attempt to resolve the cause of the\ncomplaint through negotiation or mediation in all matters relating to\npersonal rights; submit reports to the public prosecution offices, which\nshall inform the Commission of the progress and outcome of their\ninvestigation; or assist the complainant in lodging the necessary\napplications before the competent bodies.<\/p>\n<p>The Commission shall comply with the obligation to preserve the\nconfidentiality of investigations stipulated in the Code of Criminal\nProcedure.<\/p>\n<h2\nid=\"section-three-contributing-to-and-developing-human-rights-education\">Section\nThree: Contributing to and Developing Human Rights Education<\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"article-21\">Article 21<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Human Rights Education<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Commission shall contribute to disseminating a culture of human\nrights and international humanitarian law and promote the implementation\nand development of human rights education programmes. It may undertake,\nby way of example and without limitation, the following activities:<\/p>\n<p>A. Encourage and cooperate with the Ministry of Education and Higher\nEducation and all other public, official and private educational bodies\nto include theoretical and practical material on human rights and\ninternational humanitarian law in their curricula, and to develop such\nmaterial and the related educational methods.<\/p>\n<p>B. Contribute to advertising and media campaigns and programmes\nconcerning human rights and international humanitarian law standards and\nthe means of respecting them.<\/p>\n<p>C. Prepare studies and organize conferences, seminars and training\ncourses for various official and private bodies on all matters falling\nwithin its competence, particularly for the security forces.<\/p>\n<p>D. Issue, publish and distribute books and publications on all\nmatters falling within its competence.<\/p>\n<h2\nid=\"section-four-functions-and-powers-of-the-committee-for-the-prevention-of-torture\">Section\nFour: Functions and Powers of the Committee for the Prevention of\nTorture<\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"article-22\">Article 22<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Specific Definitions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. For the purposes of this Law, \u201ctorture\u201d means any act committed,\ninstigated, expressly approved or tacitly acquiesced in by a public\nofficial or any person acting in an official capacity, which results in\nsevere physical or mental pain or suffering intentionally inflicted on a\nperson, in particular to obtain from that person or a third person\ninformation or a confession; to punish that person for an act that they\nor a third person committed or are suspected of having committed; to\nintimidate or coerce that person or a third person into doing or\nrefraining from doing an act; or when such pain or suffering is\ninflicted for any reason based on discrimination of any kind.<\/p>\n<p>The definition above does not include pain or suffering arising from,\ninherent in or incidental to penalties prescribed by law.<\/p>\n<p>B. For the purposes of this Law, \u201cdeprivation of liberty\u201d means any\nform of detention or imprisonment of persons, or placing them under\nsupervision in a public or private custodial setting which they are not\npermitted to leave at will, by order of a judicial, administrative or\nother official authority.<\/p>\n<p>Places of deprivation of liberty include, by way of example and\nwithout limitation, prisons, detention facilities, police stations,\nholding cells, juvenile centres and institutions, ports, airports,\nhospitals and psychiatric institutions in Lebanon where persons are or\nmay be deprived of their liberty, whether under the supervision of the\nDirectorate General of the Internal Security Forces, the Directorate\nGeneral of General Security, the Directorate General of State Security,\nthe Customs Administration, the Ministry of National Defence or the\nMinistry of Justice. These are hereinafter referred to as \u201cplaces of\ndeprivation of liberty.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-23\">Article 23<\/h2>\n<p><strong>The Committee\u2019s Powers to Visit Places of Deprivation of\nLiberty<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. The Committee, or any members it delegates and any staff or\ncontractors accompanying them, shall have unrestricted authority to\nenter and visit all places of deprivation of liberty and their buildings\nand facilities throughout Lebanon, without exception, with the aim of\nprotecting persons therein from torture and other cruel, inhuman or\ndegrading treatment or punishment and from arbitrary detention, and of\ncooperating and engaging in dialogue with the competent authorities in\norder to strengthen and develop the laws and regulations relating to\ndetainees and places of deprivation of liberty.<\/p>\n<p>B. The Committee or any members it delegates may:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>Conduct periodic or unannounced visits at any time to places of\ndeprivation of liberty, without prior notice and without requiring\nauthorization from any administrative or judicial authority or any other\nbody.<\/li>\n<li>Conduct group or private interviews, in confidence and free from any\nsupervision, with any persons deprived of their liberty whom it chooses,\nwith an interpreter present if necessary.<\/li>\n<li>Interview any other person whom it believes may provide relevant\ninformation or assistance it deems necessary, and exercise unrestricted\nauthority to obtain information confidentially as required by the\nCommittee\u2019s work. The Committee shall not publish any information\nwithout the consent of the person who provided it or its source.<\/li>\n<li>Receive complaints or requests for interviews from the persons\nmentioned above, or carry out any medical examination or\ninspection.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"article-24\">Article 24<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Cooperation with Bodies and Experts<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. In carrying out its functions, the Committee may cooperate with\ncivil society bodies active in matters concerning persons deprived of\ntheir liberty.<\/p>\n<p>B. It may also seek the assistance of experts who are not members of\nits staff. When necessary, such experts may accompany the Committee or\nits delegated members during visits to places of deprivation of liberty,\nprovided that national defence or public safety requirements are\nobserved.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-25\">Article 25<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Requests for Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. To enable it to perform its functions, the Committee shall have\nthe right to obtain any information from the bodies concerned,\nparticularly concerning:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>The number and locations of places of deprivation of liberty.<\/li>\n<li>The full identity of every person deprived of their liberty, their\nplace of detention, the date on which their detention began, its\nduration, and the legal basis for the detention.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>B. The Committee may review the substance and progress of complaints,\nallegations or pleas submitted to judicial, disciplinary or\nadministrative bodies in which torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading\ntreatment or punishment is alleged. Every judicial or disciplinary\ndecision issued in cases involving torture or cruel, inhuman or\ndegrading treatment or punishment shall be communicated to the Committee\nby the body that issued it within one month of its issuance.<\/p>\n<p>C. The Committee shall not be obliged to provide information to any\nbody unless it considers that doing so serves the interests of\nprotecting the rights of persons deprived of their liberty. The\nCommittee\u2019s files and information shall be confidential and may be\ndisclosed only by decision of the Committee.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-26\">Article 26<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Observations, Recommendations and Proposals<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. The Committee shall formulate observations, recommendations and\nproposals concerning places of deprivation of liberty and the conditions\nof persons deprived of their liberty, and shall submit them to the\nCommission and the competent authorities with the aim of improving the\nconditions and circumstances of deprivation of liberty; improving the\ntreatment and protection of persons deprived of their liberty; and\npreventing their exposure to torture and other cruel, inhuman or\ndegrading treatment or punishment.<\/p>\n<p>B. With regard to persons detained arbitrarily, the Committee shall\ninform the competent administrative and judicial authorities of their\nsituation so that those authorities may take the appropriate legal and\njudicial measures to end the unlawfulness of their detention.<\/p>\n<p>C. Through the Commission, the Committee shall provide its opinion\nand submit observations, recommendations and proposals concerning draft\nlaws or proposed amendments to laws in force relating to the treatment\nand detention of persons deprived of their liberty, the conditions in\nplaces of deprivation of liberty, and fair-trial procedures.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-27\">Article 27<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Duty of the Authorities to Cooperate<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. All competent legislative, executive, judicial and administrative\nauthorities and all other bodies shall cooperate with the Committee and\nfacilitate its work in order to assist it in completing its\nfunctions.<\/p>\n<p>B. The Committee shall have the right to communicate directly with\nthe United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and to provide\nit with information where appropriate. It may also meet with the\nSubcommittee periodically or whenever necessary.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"part-four-finances-and-budget-of-the-commission\">Part Four:\nFinances and Budget of the Commission<\/h1>\n<h2 id=\"article-28\">Article 28<\/h2>\n<p><em>(As amended by Law No. 273\/2022 and Law in Force by Operation of\nLaw No. 6\/2020)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Commission\u2019s Budget and Financial\nRegulations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. The Commission shall enjoy administrative and financial\nindependence and shall be subject to the ex post oversight of the Court\nof Audit.<\/p>\n<p>B. The Commission shall have a separate annual budget, included as a\nseparate chapter within a dedicated part of the State budget for\nindependent national bodies established by law, and sufficient to cover\nthe Commission\u2019s expenses and activities. The Commission shall prepare\nits draft budget, and its President shall transmit it, in accordance\nwith the applicable procedures, to the Minister of Finance within the\ntime limit prescribed by the Public Accounting Law.<\/p>\n<p>C. An additional appropriation shall be opened for the Commission in\nthe general budget for its first operational year after this Law enters\ninto force.<\/p>\n<p>D. A special account shall be opened for the Commission at Banque du\nLiban. The President of the Commission shall authorize its expenditure\nin accordance with the procedures stipulated in the Public Accounting\nLaw and other laws in force.<\/p>\n<p>E. The Commission\u2019s accounts shall be subject to internal audit and\nto independent audit by auditing and accounting firms in accordance with\nArticle 73 of Law No. 326 of 28 June 2001 (the 2001 Budget Law).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-29\">Article 29<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Funding of the Commission<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Commission\u2019s revenues shall consist of:<\/p>\n<p>A. Appropriations allocated to it in the budget.<\/p>\n<p>B. Donations, grants and any financial support from domestic or\ninternational entities, and any other resources, provided that they are\nnot subject to restrictions incompatible with the Commission\u2019s\nindependence and that they comply with the laws in force.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-30\">Article 30<\/h2>\n<p><em>(As amended by Law No. 273\/2022)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Allowances of Members<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A. The President, Vice-President and members of the Commission shall\nreceive a fixed monthly allowance determined by decree issued by the\nCouncil of Ministers upon the proposal of the Minister of Justice.<\/p>\n<p>B. The first term of the National Human Rights Commission, including\nthe Committee for the Prevention of Torture, shall commence following\nthe issuance of all decrees regulating the Commission.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"part-five-final-provisions\">Part Five: Final Provisions<\/h1>\n<h2 id=\"article-31\">Article 31<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Implementing Provisions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Where necessary, the details for implementing this Law shall be\ndetermined by decrees issued by the Council of Ministers upon the\nproposal of the Minister of Justice.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"article-32\">Article 32<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Final Provisions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This Law shall enter into force immediately upon its publication in\nthe Official Gazette.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Beirut, 27 October 2016<br \/>\nIssued by the Council of Ministers<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"header\">\n<th>Office<\/th>\n<th>Name<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"odd\">\n<td>President of the Council of Ministers<\/td>\n<td>Tammam Salam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"even\">\n<td>Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of National Defence<\/td>\n<td>Samir Mokbel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"odd\">\n<td>Minister of Agriculture<\/td>\n<td>Akram Chehayeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"even\">\n<td>Minister of Energy and Water<\/td>\n<td>Arthur Nazarian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"odd\">\n<td>Minister of Finance<\/td>\n<td>Ali Hassan Khalil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"even\">\n<td>Minister of Public Health<\/td>\n<td>Wael Abou Faour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"odd\">\n<td>Minister of Interior and Municipalities<\/td>\n<td>Nohad Machnouk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"even\">\n<td>Minister of Social Affairs<\/td>\n<td>Rashid Derbas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"odd\">\n<td>Minister of the Displaced<\/td>\n<td>Alice Chabtini<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"even\">\n<td>Minister of Labour<\/td>\n<td>Sejaan Azzi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"odd\">\n<td>Minister of Telecommunications<\/td>\n<td>Boutros Harb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"even\">\n<td>Minister of Public Works and Transport<\/td>\n<td>Ghazi Zeaiter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"odd\">\n<td>Minister of Tourism<\/td>\n<td>Michel Pharaon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"even\">\n<td>Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs<\/td>\n<td>Mohammad Fneish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"odd\">\n<td>Minister of Industry<\/td>\n<td>Hussein Hajj Hassan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"even\">\n<td>Minister of State for Administrative Development Affairs<\/td>\n<td>Nabil de Freige<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"odd\">\n<td>Minister of Environment<\/td>\n<td>Mohammad Machnouk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"even\">\n<td>Minister of Youth and Sports<\/td>\n<td>Abdel Muttaleb Hennawi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"odd\">\n<td>Minister of Economy and Trade<\/td>\n<td>Alain Hakim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"even\">\n<td>Minister of Justice<\/td>\n<td>Ashraf Rifi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"odd\">\n<td>Minister of Education and Higher Education<\/td>\n<td>Elias Bou Saab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"even\">\n<td>Minister of Culture<\/td>\n<td>Raymond Araygi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>English translation of the Arabic legal text supplied by the\nuser. In the event of any discrepancy, the official Arabic text\nprevails.<\/em><\/p>\n  <\/main>\n<\/body>\n<\/html><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6336","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Law No. 62\/2016 | National Human Rights Commission - Lebanon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nhrclb.org\/en\/law62\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Law No. 62\/2016 | National Human Rights Commission - 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